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John Carroll, S.J. †

Senior posting
See	Archdiocese of Baltimore
Title	Archbishop of Baltimore
Period in office	November 6, 1789—December 3, 1815
Predecessor	None
Successor	Leonard Neale †
Religious career
Priestly ordination	February 14, 1761
Personal
Date of birth	January 8, 1735
Place of birth	Upper Marlboro, Maryland
Date of death	December 3, 1815
Place of death	Baltimore, Maryland

Styles of John Carroll, S.J.

Reference style The Most Reverend Spoken style Your Excellency Religious style Monsignor Posthumous style none

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John Theodore Carroll, S.J., (January 8, 1735 – December 3, 1815) was the first bishop and archbishop in the United States — serving as the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore. He is also known as the founder of Georgetown University, the oldest Catholic university in the United States, and the Georgetown Preparatory School, the oldest Catholic day and boarding school in the United States.

Carroll was born in Upper Marlboro, Maryland, and educated mainly at the College of St. Omer in French Flanders. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1753 and was ordained to the priesthood in 1761. Carroll remained in Europe until he was almost 40, teaching at St-Omer and Liège, and acting as chaplain to several British aristocrats traveling on the continent.

When the Society of Jesus was dissolved in 1773, Carroll made arrangements to return to Maryland, where he founded St. John the Evangelist Parish at Forest Glen (Silver Spring) in 1774. In 1776, the Continental Congress asked Carroll, his cousin Charles Carroll, Samuel Chase, and Benjamin Franklin to travel to Quebec and attempt to persuade the French Canadian population to join the revolution. Although the group was unsuccessful, it made Carroll well known to the government of the new republic.

In 1784, based on Franklin's recommendation to the papal nuncio in Paris, Carroll was made Superior of Missions in the United States of North America, establishing a hierarchy in the United States and removing the Catholic Church in the U.S. from the authority of the Vicar Apostolic of the London District. He was appointed Bishop of Baltimore on November 6, 1789, by Pope Pius VI, becoming the first bishop in the United States.

In 1791, Bishop Carroll convened the first synod of priests in the U.S. In 1806, he oversaw the construction of America's first Catholic Cathedral, the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Baltimore, Maryland, which was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, architect of the United States Capitol. He became the first Catholic archbishop in the U.S. in 1808 when Baltimore was elevated to an archdiocese.

Carroll's remains are interred in the crypt of the Basilica of the National Shine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which can be visited by the public.

• Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
• Archdiocese of Baltimore
• Archdiocese of Baltimore Page About John Carroll
• Pastoral letter of 1792

• Louis O'Donovan (1908); "John Carroll", Catholic Encyclopedia; url accessed March 29, 2007
• Archbishop John Carroll (1790-1815); Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, url accessed March 29, 2007
• Thomas W. Spalding , CFX (1997); Most Rev. John Carroll; Archdiocese of Baltimore;, url accessed March 29, 2007

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