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Jingnan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jingnan (荆南) (also called Nanping (南平)) was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created in 924, marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907-960.
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Gao Jichang, also known as Gao Jixing (高季興), was appointed the regional military governor of Jiangling in 907 by the Later Liang Dynasty, which took over northern China in the wake of the Tang Dynasty. He declared the foundation of the Kingdom of Jingnan (or Nanping) in 924 after the Later Liang Dynasty fell to the Later Tang Dynasty.
Jingnan was the smallest of the longer-lived southern kingdoms. Its capital was Jiangling, and in addition to the capital, it held two neighboring districts on the Yangtze River southwest of present-day Wuhan. In addition to bordering the succession of five dynasties beginning with the Later Tang Dynasty, it also shared borders with the Chu kingdom to the south, though that was replaced by the Southern Tang when it absorbed the kingdom in 951. It was also bordered by the Later Shu on the west after it was formed in 934.
Jingnan was a small and weak state, and in many ways was vulnerable to its larger, more powerful neighbors. As such, the court placed great importance in maintaining proper relations with the succession of dynasties that ruled northern China. However, because of its location, Jingnan was a central hub in trade, a feature that protected it from invasion.
The Song Dynasty was formed in 960, ending the Five Dynasties period in the north, and though that is the date traditionally used to denote the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, many kingdoms in the south maintained their independence for nearly two decades after the rise of the Song Dynasty. However, due to its size and location, Jingnan was the first of the kingdoms to succumb to the Song Dynasty, surrendering when armies from the north invaded in 963, ending the kingdom.
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did not exist | 武信王 wu3 xin4 wang2 | 高季興 gao1 ji4 xing1 | 909-928 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 文獻王 wen2 xin4 wang2 | 高從誨 gao1 cong2 hui4 | 928-948 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 貞懿王 zhen1 yi4 wang2 | 高寶融 gao1 bao3 rong2 | 948-960 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 侍中 shi4 zhong1 | 高寶勗 gao1 bao3 xu4 | 960-962 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Did not exist | 高繼沖 gao1 ji4 chong1 | 962-963 | Did not exist |
Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press, 11, 16. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.