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James Andrew Rushing (August 26, 1901/02/03 - June 8, 1972) (known as Jimmy Rushing) was an American blues shouter and jazz singer from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma best known as the featured vocalist of Count Basie's Orchestra from 1935 to 1948.

Rushing was known as 'Mr. Five by Five' and was the subject of an eponymous 1942 popular song that was a hit for Harry James and others. He joined Walter Page's Blue Devils in 1927, then joined Bennie Moten's band in 1929. He stayed with the successor Count Basie band when Moten died in 1935.

Rushing was born in Oklahoma City on August 26, 1903 into a family with musical talent and accomplishments. His father was a trumpeter and his mother and brother were singers. Young Jimmy took to the family vocation and was a success, touring the Mid-West and California as an itinerant blues singer in the years 1923 and 1924 before moving to Los Angeles, California, where he sang with Jelly Roll Morton. Rushing got a gig singing with the Billy King before moving on to Walter Page's Blue Devils in 1927. He, along with other members of the Blue Devils, defected to the Bennie Moten band in 1929.

Moten died in 1935, and Rushing joined Count Basie for what would be a 13-year gig. Due to his tutelege under his mentor Moten, Rushing was a proponent of the Kansas City jump blues tradition, best envinced by his performances of "Sent For You Yesterday" and "Boogie Woogie" for the Count Basie Orchestra. After leaving Basie, his recording career soared, as a solo artist and a singer with other bands.

When the Basie band broke up in 1950 he briefly retired, then formed his own group.

His build earned him a nickname and a signature song, "Mr. Five by Five" ("he's five feet tall and he's five feet wide"). His best known recordings are probably those of "Going to Chicago" with Basie and "Harvard Blues" with a famous saxophone solo by Don Byas. George Frazier, author of "Harvard Blues", called Rushing's distinctive voice, "a magnificent gargle".

After he became ill with leukemia in 1971, Rushing's performing career ended. He died on June 8, 1972 in New York City and was buried at the Maple Grove Cemetery, Kew Gardens, in Queens, New York.

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