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Isthmus of Perekop
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The Isthmus of Perekop (Ukrainian: Перекопський перешийок; translit. Perekops'kyy pereshyyok; Russian: Перекопский перешеек; translit. Perekopskiy peresheek Crimean Tatar: Or boynu) is the narrow, three- to four-mile-wide strip of land that connects the peninsula of Crimea to the continent. The isthmus is located between the Black Sea to the west and the Azov Sea the the east.
The isthmus takes its name from the Tatar fortress of Perekop. Its original name, in Crimean Tatar, is Or.
The border between the Crimea republic and the Kherson Oblast runs though the northern part of the isthmus. The cities of Perekop, Armjansk, Suvorovo and Krasnoperekopsk are situated on the isthmus and the Crimean channel through the isthmus secures Crimea watersupplies with deliveries from the Dnieper River.
South of Perekop, there are rich salt ores which still are very important commercially for the region.
The strategic and commercial value of this area, together with the strategic value of being the gateway to Crimea, has made the isthmus the location of some particularly fierce battles. Both ancient Greeks and Crimean Tatars fortified the area, and from the 15th century the area was a colony under Genova. From 1783, the area became a part of Russia, and from 1954 on, together with Crimea it was transferred to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. For that reason, it still is a part of Ukrainian territory.
In the Russian Civil War, there was in 1920 a battle here between Red Army and White movement. The Red Army turned out victorious, but 140.000 civilians fled over the Black Sea to Istanbul.
During Second World War, the combined forces of German and Romanian Troops under the command of Erich von Manstein entered Crimea though the Isthmus of Perekop. The battle of the isthmus took five days from 24 September 1941 before the isthmus was secured by the Axis forces. On 18 October 1941, the Axis forces advanced further into Crimea and could launch the Battle of Sevastopol. On 9 May 1944, the Red Army regained control of Crimea.