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Hugo Oehler (1903 - 1983) was an American communist.

An active trade unionist, Oehler joined the Communist Party USA in its early days,^[1] and by 1927 was a district organizer.^[2] He was also known for his ability to organize workers, both in the southern textile mills and the mines of Colorado.^[3]

In 1928, he followed James P. Cannon, Max Shachtman and Martin Abern into the Communist League of America, the nation's first Trotskyist group. He was soon elected to the group's national committee.^[4]

Oehler remained a prominent member of the League, serving on the committee of the International Labor Defense following the Loray Mill Strike.^[5] He organised unemployed workers during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934.^[4]

In 1934, the Communist League merged with A. J. Muste's American Workers Party, becoming the Workers Party of the United States, and later entered the Socialist Party of America as part of Trotsky's French Turn. Oehler objected to this entrism as a tactic, believing that it would lead to the group becoming influenced by reformism, although once the group had entered, he argued that it should not leave, as this would be unprincipled. As a result, he formed an opposition tendency and split from the Workers Party in November 1935 to form the Revolutionary Workers League (RWL) with Tom Stamm and Sidney Lens.^[6]

During the Spanish Civil War the RWL supported only the POUM. Oehler visited Spain to report for the RWL, where he was involved in the Barcelona May Days struggles, and wrote Barcelona Barricades about his experiences. When he tried to leave the country, he was arrested on charges of spying and held with communication with the outside world for a month, before eventually being permitted to return home.^[7]

In 1937, Oehler renounced Trotskyism, concluding that Trotsky had split with Marxism in 1934. Stamm countered that Trotsky had degenerated in 1928, and the two split.^[6] In 1939, he severely criticised Trotsky's position for an independent Ukraine. In a polemic, he described his main differences with the Trotskyists as being "on revolutionary defeatism, on support for left-bourgeois governments, on support for third capitalist parties".^[8]

With the declaration of the Trotskyist Fourth International, Oehler concentrated on finding international contacts, which he grouped into the Provisional International Contact Commission for the New Communist (Fourth) International. However, World War II proved the start of a dramatic decline for the RWL, which appears to have been disbanded in the early 1950s, and Oehler faded into obscurity.

1. ^ Joseph Hansen, Organisational Methods and Political Principles: A Study of Clique Politics in a Revolutionary Party
2. ^ Theodore Draper, American Communism and Soviet Russia
3. ^ The Spanish Left in its Own Words
4. ^ ^{a b} Robert J. Alexander, International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement
5. ^ John A. Salmond, Gastonia 1929: The Story of the Loray Mill Strike
6. ^ ^{a b} Max Shachtman, Footnote for Historians
7. ^ Hugo Oehler, Barricades in Barcelona
8. ^ Hugo Oehler, The Ukraine question: A Reply to Trotsky's Polemic