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Hoodoo refers to African traditional folk magic. A rich magical tradition which was (for thousands of years), indigenous to ancient African botanical, magio-religious practices and folk cultures, its practice was imported when mainly West Africans were enslaved and brought to the United States.

Hoodoo is used as a noun and is derived from the Ewe word Hudu which still exists today. Hoodoo is often used in African-American vernacular to describe a magic "spell" or potion, or as a descriptor for a practitioner (hoodoo doctor, hoodoo man or hoodoo woman), or as an adjective or verb depending upon context. The word can be dated at least as early as 1891.* Some prefer the term hoodooism, but this has mostly fallen out of use. Some "New Age" non-Diaspora practitioners who have taken up Hoodoo as a hobby employ synonyms, including conjuration, conjure, witchcraft, or rootwork. The latter demonstrates the importance of various roots in the making of charms and casting spells. It is important to note that in traditional African religious culture, the concept of "spells" is not used. Here again, this Afro-botanical practice has been heavily used by the New Age, and Wiccan communities who have little understanding of "Hoodoo's" spiritual significance as it is traditionally used in Africa. An amulet characteristic of hoodoo is the mojo, often called a mojo bag, mojo hand, conjure bag, trick bag, or toby; this is a small sack filled with herbs, roots, coins, sometimes a lodestone, and various other objects of magical power.

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• An earlier attestation dates from 1863. A Confederate infantryman, wounded in the failed assault against Union-held Helena, Arkansas on 4 July, said, "Since that day at Helena I tell the boys I would rather buck against a hoodoo than try to down old Glory on the Fourth of July." Barring a radically different meaning of "hoodoo," the reference seems to be to trying to beat a curse (as being preferable to refighting the Battle of Helena). ^{[citations needed]}

Contents 1 Spirit-based natural magic 2 Differences between Voodoo and Hoodoo 3 References in other media 3.1 Music 3.2 Television 3.3 Movies 3.3.1 Other Musicians who Referenced these Practices in either their songs or Lifestyle 3.4 Folk Humor 3.5 Books 3.6 Radio 3.7 Film 3.8 Television 3.9 Games 3.10 Sports 3.11 Military history 4 See also 5 External links

As can be expected, most practitioners of hoodoo are African American, but Whites and Native Americans also use hoodoo, although their practices share commonalities more with Pennsylvania Dutch pow-wow magic, rather than with the practices in West Africa. In its home of Africa, Hoodoo (Hudu) is a well respected tradition, which is typically passed through old family priestly lines. Today, in America, traditional folk knowledge is passed from person to person; and there is no evidence of a structured hierarchy.

The goal of hoodoo is to allow people access to supernatural forces to improve their daily lives by gaining power in many areas of life, including gambling, love, divination, cursing one's enemies, treatment of disease, employment, and necromancy. As in many other folk religious, magical, and medical practices, extensive use is made of herbs, minerals, parts of animals' bodies, an individual's possessions, and bodily fluids, especially menstrual blood, urine and semen. Contact with ancestors or other spirits of the dead is an important practice within the conjure tradition, and the recitation of Psalms from the Bible is also considered magically effective in hoodoo. Due to hoodoo's great emphasis on an individual's magical power, its basic principles of working are easily adapted for use based on one's desires, inclination and habits.

Home-made potions and charms form the basis of much old-time rural hoodoo, but there are also many successful commercial companies selling various hoodoo components to urban and rural practitioners. These are generally called spiritual supplies, and they include herbs, roots, minerals, candles, incense, oils, floor washes, sachet powders, bath crystals, and colognes. Many patent medicines, cosmetics, and household cleaning supplies have been also aimed at hoodoo practitioners and have found dual usage as conventional and spiritual remedies.

Hoodoo and Voodoo are often mistaken for one another. Some believe that the terms may have a common etymology, with the religious persecution and suppression of the Voodoo religion in America, "hoodoo" is what remains.

The ancient African religion of Voodoo is an established religion with its ancient roots in West Africa. Its modern form is practiced across West Africa in the countries now known as Benin, Togo, and Burkina Faso, among others. It is practiced all throughout West Africa; particularly, among members of the Fon, Ewe and other West African groups. In Haiti it is practiced in a syncretic form that has been greatly modified by contact with the Catholic church.

In the U.S., Hoodoo is not a religion -- that is, it is spiritual and magical in nature, but it does not have an established theology, clergy, laity, or order of liturgical services. Hoodoo shows obvious and evident links to the practices and beliefs of African folk magico-religious culture. The Hoodoo practiced in the U.S. by the enslaved Africans was brought from West and Central Africa, specifically, the area that is now known as the Congo and Angola, Togo, Nigeria and other West African regions.

Many blues musicians have referred to hoodoo in their songs (for example, "Louisiana Hoodoo Blues" by Ma Rainey, "Hoodoo Lady Blues" by Arthur Crudup, or "Hoodoo Man Blues" by Junior Wells), and such elements have become important to the music. In addition to the expected terms hoodoo and mojo, other conjure words in such songs include jinx, goofer dust, nation sack, black cat bone, graveyard dirt, and black spider dumplings.

The Creedence Clearwater Revival song Born on the Bayou references hoodoo in the line "I can still hear that old hound dog barking, chasin' down a hoodoo there". From the context it would appear that the term use is a 'hoo doo there' perhaps a southern, black, or cajun slang for someone or something that does not belong, as in 'who is there?'.

Paul Simon's song "Loves Me Like a Rock" makes a pun on the word "hoodoo" by pausing after the beginning of the phrase "who do you think you're foolin'" and then repeating the words "who do" while the backup gospel chorus the Dixie Hummingbirds sings the syllable "hoo..." to fill up the pause in the lyrics.

Rock band Muse recorded a song entitled "Hoodoo" on their album Black Holes and Revelations.

Goth band The Deep Eynde recorded a song called "Hoodoo", released in 1995 and can be found on one of Cleopatra Records many compilations.

Stoner Metal band Clutch recorded a song entitled "Hoodoo Operator" on their album "Slow Hole to China."

The subject of hoodoo is often brought up on The CW television show Supernatural.

Many references of Hoodoo where made in the episode Crossroad Blues and Playthings on The CW show Supernatural.

Hoodoo is the subject of the movie The Skeleton Key.

• Screamin' Jay Hawkins^[1]
• Skip James^[2]
• Big Bill Broonzy's song "Bad Luck Man"
• Jimi Hendrix's "Voodoo Chile (slight return)"
• Peter Green's "Black Magic Woman" (later made famous by Carlos Santana)
• Aerosmith's "Hoodoo / Voodoo Medicine Man"
• Insane Clown Posse's "Southwest Voodoo"
• Dr. John
• Billy Bragg/Wilco in Hoodoo/Voodoo on Mermaid Avenue

A sort of "who's on first" routine arose from the sound of the word "hoodoo," which went like this: "You remind me of the man." "What man?" "The man with the power." "What power?" "The power of Hoodoo." "Hoodoo?" "You do." "Do what?" "You remind me of the man..." It may have arisen from vaudeville or burlesque but more likely it's a joke once in common circulation.

The routine is performed by Cary Grant and Myrna Loy in The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer and is quoted in the Frank Robinson novel The Power, and later referenced by David Bowie's character, Jareth, in the song Magic Dance of the film Labyrinth, albeit using the word 'voodoo' instead of 'hoodoo'.

Zora Neale Hurston recorded many hoodoo practices and tales. Other authors on the subject include Harry M. Hyatt, Newbell Niles Puckett, Jim Haskins, Mama Zogbe and catherine yronwode. Also Ishmael Reed, in his book Mumbo Jumbo, makes reference to Hoodoo.

Since 2004, Dr. Christos Kioni, a conjure doctor at Rootwork, Rootworker, Hoodoo, Conjurefrom Florida, has co-hosted and produced a weekly hour-long radio show and podcast on the subject of hoodoo called "The Lucky Mojo Hoodoo Rootwork Hour."

The Skeleton Key, a film released in 2005, centers on the practice of hoodoo. In the Film His Girl Friday (Also see The front Page) The mayor of Chicago calls the Sheriff a HooDoo

Supernatural, a television series, which occasionally refers to hoodoo.

Hoodoo (and Voodoo) are a central part of the plot to Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Father, an adventure game released in 1993.

In English, Australian, and New Zealand sports journalism, the word hoodoo is sometimes used to refer to a team's inability to achieve a certain goal - such as beating a particular opponent or winning a certain trophy. This usage jokingly implies that there is some supernatural force preventing the team from doing so and derives from the false notion that hoodoo magic consists only, or primarily, of curses. For example, the England national football team is said to have a hoodoo against Sweden, having failed to beat them in 38 years.

The first battleship of the United States Navy, the USS Texas, commissioned in 1895, was referred to by nickname as the "Old Hoodoo" due to a series of incidents that occurred after she was commissioned that gave her a reputation as an unlucky ship. The code letter "H" that was assigned to the Texas at that time may have also contributed to the inspiration. At the battle of Santiago, Cuba, on July 3, 1898, the "Old Hoodoo", in the words of a contemporary New York Sun article published shortly after the battle, became the "Old Hero".

• John the Conqueror
• Pow-wow (folk magic)
• Rabbit's foot
• Hot foot powder
• Quimbanda
• Santería
• Vodou

• Quimbanda - a religious practice from the same roots as Hoodoo - Angola
• Lucky Mojo Hoodoo Rootwork Hour with Dr. Christos Kioni
• http://dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/African/Diasporic/Hoodoo,_Rootwork,_Conjure,_Obeah/ DMOZ Open Directory - Hoodoo, Rootwork, Conjure, Obeah]
• Botanica Macumba, Online Store specializing in Umbanda and Quimbanda products (Hoodoo and Rootwork related)

v • d • e Afro-American Religions
Religions	Candomblé • Hoodoo • Kumina • Obeah • Palo • Quimbanda • Santería (Lukumí) • Spiritual Baptist • Umbanda • Vodou
Deities	Babalu Aye • Eshu • Iansan • Mami Wata • Obàtálá • Ogoun • Ọlọrun • Orunmila • Ọṣun • Shango • Yemaja
Roots	Ifá, Oriṣa (Yorùbá) • Lwa (Dahomey) • Nkisi (Kongo) • Catholicism (Portugal, Spain)