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Hongshan culture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Hongshan culture (红山文化) was a Neolithic culture in northeastern China. Hongshan sites have been found in an area stretching from Inner Mongolia to Liaoning and Hebei, and dated from about 4700 BC to 2900 BC [1]. The culture is named after Hongshanhou (红山後), a site in Hongshan District, Chifeng. Hongshanhou was discovered by Torii Ryuzo in 1908 and extensively excavated in 1935 by Hamada Kosaku and Mizuno Seiichi.
Hongshan grave goods include some of the earliest known examples of Chinese jade working; the Hongshan culture is known for its jade pig dragons. Clay figurines, including figurines of pregnant women, are also found throughout Hongshan sites. The archaeological site at Niuheliang is a unique ritual complex associated with the Hongshan culture.
The Hongshan culture had cultural contacts with the Yangshao culture, with two-way cultural transmissions.
- Chang, Kwang-chih. The Archaeology of Ancient China, ISBN 0-300-03784-8
- Nelson, Sarah Milledge (ed), The Archaeology of Northeast China: Beyond the Great Wall, ISBN 0-415-11755-0
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