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In Scotland the Higher (Scottish Gaelic: An Àrd Ìre) is one of the national school-leaving certificate exams and university entrance qualifications of the Scottish Qualifications Certificate (SQC) offered by the Scottish Qualifications Authority. It superseded the old Higher Grade on the Scottish Certificate of Education (SCE). Both are normally referred to simply as "Highers".

The modern Higher is Level 6 on the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Higher Grade (Original) 1.2 Higher Grade (Revised) 1.3 Higher Still 1.4 Marking controversy (2000) 2 Current courses 2.1 Structure 2.2 Grades 3 External links 4 See also

SCE Higher Grade was the historical terminal exam for the majority of Scottish secondary school pupils, especially those seeking work in skilled industries or progress onto higher education. They are usually taken in the 5th Year of secondary school (often referred to as S5, and entered at age 16 or 17). It was introduced in 1962^{[citation needed]} and progressed on from the SCE Ordinary Grade.

Pupils studied for one academic year (in practice two terms - Winter and Spring), sitting exams in the May of S5. The majority of courses were examined by written papers with practical work present in subjects such as Art and Design.

There existed a further extension qualification, the Certificate of Sixth Year Studies, which was awarded on a separate certificate.

In 1992^{[citation needed]} a new series of Revised Higher Grade courses was put in place. When listed on the SCE the subject name would be followed by (Revised).

The revision process changed the curriculum content and the method of examination with the majority of Higher Grade courses changing to two terminal papers with a coursework element. Paper A was a short answer question paper and Paper B required longer, more in-depth answers. Coursework could account for anything from 0% (English) to 60% (Computing Studies) of the final mark.

By 1996 Scottish Higher Education Institutions were generally only accepting Revised Higher Grade for entry, except where a pupil was classed as a Mature Student (aged over 25).

Main Articles see Scottish Qualifications Authority and Higher Still

In 1999, a new style of Higher examination system was introduced in Scotland. "Higher Still" was designed to link the most basic examination offered by the SQA (Access 1) with the most difficult one (Advanced Higher) on a continuous "ladder of achievement". At the end of each unit (each about 40 hours long) students sit a very basic competency test, an Internal Assessment. All three must be passed (with two or less attempts) or the student will not be allowed to sit the final exam.

The system was criticised at the time as objections were placed with regards to the modularisation of subjects such as English and Art which require an accumulation of critical and productive skills over a full year rather than the passing of discrete modules, which was seen as a system much better suited to scientific subjects.

Higher became Level 6 on the SCQF and is now a National Course, and a component of the Scottish Qualifications Certificate.

Main Article see SQA examinations controversy (2000)

The administrative structure accompanying the new system was not entirely successful, and 2000 saw a marking fiasco that cost the head of the authority his job and severely damaged the career of the Education Minister, Sam Galbraith. Thousands of pupils received incorrect or late results, leading to difficulties for the pupils, UCAS (the University and Colleges Admissions Service) and Higher Education Institutions, as many pupils did not receive accurate exam results until after the universities' academic year had started.

As a result, for a while Revised Highers qualifications were considered superior to the new National Qualifications. Many schools refused to implement Higher Still when it was introduced, particularly in subjects such as English (which was frequently taken as a Revised Higher as late as 2001) due to both the administrative problems and the objection to modularization. The situation has since stabilised and both styles of Higher are now considered equivalent.

All NQ Higher subjects follow the same modular structure and grading system. It is a common mistake to confuse vocational Higher National Courses (HNC) with NQ Higher courses.

The following is a list of courses currently available at Higher level:

• Accounting
• Administration
• Architectural Technology
• Art and Design
• Automotive Engineering
• Biology
• Biotechnology
• Building and Architectural Technology
• Building Services
• Business Management
• Care
• Chemistry
• Civil Engineering
• Classical Greek
• Classical Studies
• Chinese Language and Culture
• Computing
• Construction
• Dance
• Drama
• Early Education and Childcare
• Early Years Care and Education
• Economics
• Electrical Engineering
• Electronics
• English
• Fabrication and Welding Engineering
• French
• Gaelic (Learners)
• Gàidhlig
• Geography
• Geology
• German
• Graphic Communication
• History
• Home Economics: Fashion and Textile Technology
• Home Economics: Health and Food Technology
• Home Economics: Lifestyle and Consumer Technology
• Hospitality: Food and Drink Service
• Hospitality: Professional Cookery
• Hospitality: Reception and Accommodation Operations
• Human Biology
• Information Systems
• Italian
• Land Use
• Latin
• Managing Environmental Resources
• Manufacturing
• Mathematics
• Mechanical Engineering
• Mechatronics
• Media Studies
• Modern Studies
• Music
• Personal and Social Education
• Philosophy
• Photography
• Physical Education
• Physics
• Politics
• Product Design
• Psychology
• Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies
• Russian
• Sociology
• Spanish
• Technological Studies
• Travel and Tourism

As of session 2009/2010, Higher Mandarin Chinese will be offered.

As a result of the Higher Still reforms, every Higher course now consists of:

• A compulsory core which all candidates must complete
• Optional elements which a candidate and/or centre choose to study
• Three progress exams, commonly referred to as a NAB (for National Assessment Bank, from which these exams are selected by teachers). These are assessed by a centre and moderated by the SQA
• Coursework which candidates complete in parallel to other studies, though not all subjects include this.
• A terminal exam which candidates sit once they have achieved sufficiently well in the progress exams - it is the final examination which determines the grade and level of pass and, where applicable, any coursework.

Higher examinations, in common with all National Qualification levels, have 5 grades: A, B, C, D and No Award. A, B and C all indicate that the candidate has achieved the Higher, with D representing a "first fail" where a candidate just failed to achieve sufficiently to move from Intermediate 2, the next level down, and No Award represently no attainment (0 to 44% on a Standardised Scale). On standardised mark scales, a D-grade represents scores of 45-49%. Furthermore, each is given tariff points towards the UCAS system.

• Scottish Qualifications Authority official website
• Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework official website

• Standard Grade
• Advanced Higher (Scottish)
• Scottish Qualifications Authority
• 2000 SQA examinations controversy