Hexanitrobenzene

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hexanitrobenzene chemical structure
Hexanitrobenzene
1,2,3,4,5,6-hexanitrobenzene
IUPAC name
Chemical formula C6N6O12
Molecular mass 348.0996 g/mol
Shock sensitivity None
Friction sensitivity None
Density 1.985 g/cm3
Explosive velocity 9,340 m/s
RE factor  ?
Melting point 256-264 °C
Autoignition temperature N/A
Appearance Yellow or brown powdered crystals
CAS number
PubChem [1]
SMILES

Hexanitrobenzene, also known as HNB, is a high-density explosive compound with chemical formula C6N6O12, obtained by oxidizing the amine group of pentanitroaniline with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid. Its molecular mass is 348.0996 g/mol, its density 1.985 g/cm³, and its heat of formation is 17.48 kJ/mol.

HNB has the undesirable property of being moderately sensitive to light and therefore hard to utilize safely. It is not currently used in any production explosives applications, though it is used as a precursor chemical in one method of production of TATB, another explosive.

Contents

  • Velocity of detonation:
    • 9,340 m/s measured at density 1.965 [2]
  • Chapman-Jouget detonation pressure: 43 GPa
  • Crystal Density: 2.01

Heats of Formation and Chemical Compositions

The synthesis and characterisation of halogen and nitro phenyl azide derivatives as highly energetic materials., PhD Thesis, Adam, D; 2001

Accurate determination of pair potentials for a CwHxNyOz system of molecules: A semiempirical method, Thiel et al, 1995

R. L. Atkins, R. A. Hollins, W. S. Wilson (1986). "Synthesis of polynitro compounds. Hexasubstituted benzenes". J. Org. Chem. 51: 3261-3266. DOI:10.1021/jo00367a003. 

A. T. Nielsen, R. L. Atkins, W. P. Norris (1979). "Oxidation of poly(nitro)anilines to poly(nitro)benzenes. Synthesis of hexanitrobenzene and pentanitrobenzene". J. Org. Chem. 44: 1181-1182. DOI:10.1021/jo01321a041. 

Z. A. Akopyan, Yu. T. Struchkov, V. G. Dashevskii (1966). "Crystal and molecular structure of hexanitrobenzene". Journal of Structural Chemistry 7: 385-392. DOI:10.1007/BF00744430. 

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