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Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford (c. 1599 – August 21, 1673), was an English nobleman and military leader. He was the eldest son of Sir John Grey and Elizabeth Nevill. His mother was probably daughter of Edward Nevill, 8th Baron Bergavenny (d. 1622) and his wife Rachel Lennard.

Henry succeeded his paternal grandfather, Henry Grey, as Baron Grey of Groby in July 1614. His paternal grandmother was Anne Windsor, youngest daughter of William Windsor, 2nd Baron Windsor and his first wife Margaret Sambourne.

His great-grandfather John Grey of Pirgo was son of Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset and younger brother of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk.

He married Anne Cecil, daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter, the heiress of the borough and manor of Stamford, and in March 1628 was created Earl of Stamford. Just before the outbreak of the English Civil War he was included as one of Charles I's opponents, and was made lord lieutenant of Leicestershire. After some operations around Leicester he occupied Hereford, and, when compelled to abandon the city, marched to Cornwall.

At the Battle of Stratton, on May 16, 1643, his troops were beaten by the Royalists; driven into Exeter, Stamford was forced to surrender the city after a siege of three months. He was certainly no general, and was charged with cowardice. He took no further part in the military operations of the war, although once or twice he was employed on other business.

The ravages of the Royalists had reduced him to poverty, and, distrusted by the House of Commons, he had great difficulty in getting any compensation from Parliament. After a period of retirement he declared for Charles II of England during a rising in August 1659, and was arrested, but was soon released. He died on 21 August 1673.

He had at least nine children:

• Lady Elizabeth Grey (born c. 1622). She married George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer and was the mother of Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington.
• Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby (c. 1623 - 1657), Member of Parliament for Leicester.
• Lady Diana Grey (before 1631 - April 8, 1689). She married Robert Bruce, 2nd Earl of Elgin and was the mother of Thomas Bruce, 3rd Earl of Elgin.
• Anchitell Grey (d. 1702), the compiler of the Debates of the House of Commons, 1667-1694 (10 vols, 1769).
• John Grey. He married Lady Catherine Ward, daughter of Edward Ward, 7th Baron Dudley and his wife Frances Brereton. They were parents of Harry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford.
• Jane Grey. Married into the Ogle family.
• Leonard Grey. Believed to have died young.
• Anna Grey. Believed to have died young.
• Mary Grey. Believed to have died young.

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.