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Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt

Astronaut
Nationality	American
Born	July 3, 1935 Santa Rita, New Mexico
Occupation1	Geologist
Space time	12d 13h 52m
Selection	Scientist group
Mission(s)	Apollo 17
Mission insignia
1 previous or current

Dr. Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is a geologist, astronaut and former U.S. senator. He is the twelfth person to walk on the Moon; to date he and his crewmate Eugene Andrew Cernan are the last two to walk there.

Born in Santa Rita, New Mexico, Schmitt grew up in nearby Silver City. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in science from the California Institute of Technology in 1957 and then spent a year studying geology at the University of Oslo in Norway. He received a Doctorate of Philosophy in geology from Harvard University in 1964.

The Blue Marble, a famous photograph of the Earth as seen by the Apollo 17 crew traveling toward the moon, was probably taken by Schmitt.

Before joining NASA as a member of the first group of scientist-astronauts in June 1965, he worked at the U.S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Center at Flagstaff, Arizona, developing geological field techniques that would be used by the Apollo crews. Following his selection, Schmitt played a key role in training Apollo crews to be geologic observers when they were in lunar orbit and competent geologic field workers when they were on the lunar surface. After each of the landing missions, he participated in the examination and evaluation of the returned lunar samples and helped the crews with the scientific aspects of their mission reports.

Harrison Schmitt collects lunar specimens during the Apollo 17 mission

Because Schmitt was the only geologist in the astronaut corps and, as well, had spent considerable time becoming proficient in the CSM and LM systems, it came as no surprise when, in March 1970, he became the first of the scientist-astronauts to receive a crew assignment. He joined Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (Commander) and Vance Brand (Command Module Pilot) on the backup crew for Apollo 15 and was clearly in line to fly as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 18. After the cancellation of Apollo 18 in September 1970, many people expected that he would be assigned to fly on Apollo 17, the last lunar mission. That assignment was announced in August 1971. During the Apollo 17 flight, Schmitt probably took a photograph of the Earth called The Blue Marble, one of the most widely distributed photographic images in existence (NASA officially credits the image to the entire Apollo 17 crew, and Schmitt claims that he personally took the image). After the completion of Apollo 17, Schmitt played an active role in documenting the Apollo geologic results and also took on the task of organizing NASA's Energy Program Office.

In August 1975, Schmitt resigned from NASA to seek election as a Republican to the United States Senate representing New Mexico. Schmitt faced two-term Democratic incumbent, Joseph Montoya, whom he defeated 57%-42%. He served one term and, notably, was the ranking Republican member of the Science, Technology, and Space Subcommittee. He was defeated in a re-election bid in 1982 by Jeff Bingaman and, since then, has been a consultant in business, geology, space, and public policy. He was made an honorary fellow of the Geological Society of America for his efforts in geoscience in 1984.[1]

He lives in Silver City, New Mexico, and spends some of his summer at his northern Minnesota lake cabin. He is an advocate of returning to the moon (as will become evident with Project Constellation), as the moon could be used as a source of helium-3, a rare isotope of helium that can be used as a fuel for nuclear fusion reactors.

Schmitt is chair of the NASA Advisory Council [2], whose mandate is to provide technical advice to NASA Administrator Michael D. Griffin. Schmitt is an adjunct professor of engineering physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison[3].

Schmitt was portrayed by Tom Amandes in the 1998 miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.

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• UW prof recounts '72 trip to moon The Daily Cardinal