Sources
Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
Submit a site - Become an editor
Wikipedia. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Are you an expert in this subject? Join the discussion and share your knowledge at Wikipedia.org.
Hagnon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hagnon was an Athenian general and statesman. In 437/6 BC, he led the settlers who founded the city of Amphipolis in Thrace; in the Peloponnesian War, he served as an Athenian general on several occasions, and was one of the signers of the Peace of Nicias and the alliance between Athens and Sparta. In 411 BC, during the oligarchic coup, he supported the oligarchy and was one of the ten commissioners appointed to draw up a new constitution.
Hagnon was the son of Nicias, the prominent Athenian moderate who was the primary advocate for peace with Sparta in the early years of the Peloponnesian War. The family was aristocratic and tremendously wealthy; Nicias is reported to have had over 1,000 slaves working in the silver mines.[1] Hagnon's first appearance in the historical records comes in 437/6 BC, when he led a group of Greek colonists to found the a city at the mouth of the river Strymon. Two previous attempts to found an Athenian colony on this valuable location (the site was desirable both because of its strategic position on the trade routes between the Hellespont and mainland Greece and because it was the primary outlet for trade from the wealthy Strymon valley)[2] had been defeated by hostile native populations, but Hagnon, leading a multinational force of settlers, defeated the Edonians who held the location and founded the city of Amphipolis on an island in the river.[3] For a number of years, Hagnon was honored as the founder of Amphipolis, but in 422 BC, with Amphipolis allied to Sparta and at war with Athens, the Amphipolitans transferred that honor to the Spartan general Brasidas, who died fighting outside that city while preventing an Athenian attempt to recapture it.[4]
Hagnon held military command for Athens on several occasions, sharing in the command of the force that sailed against Samos in the Samian War of 440 BC and commanding a force that attempted to capture Potidaea in 430 BC. In 421 BC, he was one of the Athenian signers of the Peace of Nicias, the treaty, negotiated by his father, that brought an end to the so-called Archidamian War, the first stage of the Peloponnesian War;[5] he also signed the alliance between Athens and Sparta that was concluded in that same year.[6]
In 411 BC, when revolutionary forces at Athens took advantage of the disorder in the wake of the Sicilian Expedition to overthrow the Athenian democracy and replace it with an oligarchy, Hagnon was a member of the government of 400 oligarchs that was established, and served as one of the ten commissioners charged with drafting a new consitution.[7] His son Theramenes, meanwhile, played a central role in both the establishment and the overthrow of that government.[8]
- Hornblower, Simon, and Anthony Spawforth ed., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 2003) ISBN 0-19-866172-X
- Lysias, Against Eratosthenes
Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War on Wikisource
- ^ "Nicias (1)," from The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, ed.
- ^ "Amphipolis," from The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, ed.
- ^ Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 4.106
- ^ Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 5.11
- ^ Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 5.19
- ^ Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 5.24
- ^ Lysias, Against Eratosthenes, 65
- ^ "Theramenes," from The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, ed.