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Grantha script
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Grantha (Punjabi ਗ੍ਰੰਥ, Tamil கிரந்த, from Sanskrit ग्रन्थ grantha meaning "book" or "manuscript") is an ancient script that was prevalent in South India. It is generally supposed to have evolved from Brahmi, another ancient Indic script. It has influenced the Malayalam and Sinhala scripts.
The same term also refers to the sacred texts of Sikhism in particular, see Guru Granth Sahib, Adi Granth, Dasam Granth.
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Although Sanskrit is now almost exclusively written in the Devanagari script, there were letters in Sanskrit which were lacking in the Dravidian languages. Thus the Grantha script was used to write Sanskrit in the Tamil-speaking parts of South Asia until the 19th century. In the early 20th century, it began being replaced by the Devanagari script in religious and scholarly texts, and the normal Tamil script (with the use of diacritics) in popular texts.
The Grantha script was also historically used for writing Tamil-Sanskrit Manipravalam, a blend of Tamil and Sanskrit which was used in the exegesis of Sanskrit texts. This evolved into a fairly complex writing system which required that Tamil words be written in the Tamil vatteluthu and Sanskrit words be written in the Grantha script. By the 15th century, this had evolved to the point that both scripts would be used within the same word - if the root was derived from Sanskrit it would be written in the Grantha script, but any Tamil suffixes which were added to it would be written using the Tamil vatteluthu. This system of writing went out of use when Manipravalam declined in popularity, but it was customary to use the same convention in printed editions of texts originally written in Manipravalam until the middle of the 20th century.
In modern times, the Grantha script is mainly used in certain religious contexts by orthodox Tamil-speaking Hindus. Most notably, they use the script to write a child's name for the first time during the nāmikarṇa naming ceremony, and to write the Sanskrit portion of wedding invitations and announcements of a person's last rites. It is also used in many religious almanacs to print traditional formulaic summaries of the coming year.
Erstwhile Tulu script, was called Grantha Lipi. [Citation needed]
Eveila Akuru which was used to write the Divehi language from 12th to 17thAD has strong connections with the Grantha script.
The origin of Malayalam script can be traced back to Grantha script. Malayalam scripts possess much resemblance with Grantha scripts.
It is suggested that Tamil was also written using the Grantha script at some point in time, but currently Tamil has its own script system.
There have been attempts to mix Sanskrit words into Tamil in the past. Even though there are well-defined rules for writing foreign loan words in Tamil. These letters help to compensate for sounds that are nonexistent in original Tamil. These grantha characters are becoming more widely used, although many scholars are unwilling to adopt the Sanskrit sounds for historical and cultural reasons.
The current Tamil script is a direct descendant of the Grantha script, with the signs for voiceless aspirated (such as /kh/), voiced (/g/), and voiced aspirated stops (/gh/) left out.
See also: Tamil alphabet