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Giuliano Amato
Prime Minister of Italy
In office 28 June 1992 – 28 April 1993 25 April 2000 — 11 June 2001
Preceded by	Giulio Andreotti Massimo D'Alema
Succeeded by	Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Silvio Berlusconi
Born	May 13, 1938 Turin, Italy
Political party	Italian Socialist Party (until 1994); non-aligned Olive Tree Independent (from 1994)

Giuliano Amato (born May 13, 1938) is an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy twice, first from 1992 to 1993 and then from 2000 to 2001. He was more recently Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the new European Constitution. He is commonly nicknamed dottor Sottile, (which means both "Dr. Thin" and "Dr. Subtle", a joke about both his physical thinness and his political insightfulness). In 2006 he has been named Minister of the Interior in Romano Prodi's government.

Born in Turin, Amato grew up in Tuscany. He received a first degree in law from the University of Pisa in 1960, while attending the prestigious Collegio Medico-Giuridico, now Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, and a master degree in comparative law from Columbia University in 1963. After teaching at the Universities of Modena, Perugia and Florence, he worked as professor of Italian and Comparative Constitutional Law at the University of Rome La Sapienza from 1975 to 1997.

Amato began his political career in 1958, when he joined the Italian Socialist Party. He was a Member of Parliament from 1983 to 1993. He was undersecretary of state to the Prime Minister's office from 1983 to 1987, deputy prime minister and minister for the treasury from 1987 to 1988, then again treasury minister, from 1988 to 1989.

From June 1992 to April 1993, Amato served as Prime Minister. During those ten months, a series of corruption scandals rocked Italy and swept away almost an entire class of political leaders. Amato himself was never implicated, notwithstanding how close he was to Bettino Craxi, a central figure in the corruption system.

As Prime Minister, Amato responded effectively to two devaluations of the Lira in the wake of currency speculation that led Italy to be expelled from the European Monetary System by cutting the budget deficit drastically, thus taking the first steps in the road that would bring Italy to adopt the Euro. He asked Italians "to put one hand on their hearts and get their wallets out with the other" to save the country from bankruptcy.

At a point, his government was harshly contested because of a decree that suddenly moved the competence for corruption investigations into the hands of the police, which, being controlled directly by the government, would have not been independent. Fearing that the new system would have effectively blocked investigations on political corruption, Italians took to the streets in massive, spontaneous rallies. President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro refused to sign the decree, deeming it blatantly uncostitutional. While his justice minister Giovanni Conso took the blame, it has been disputed whether Amato was a victim of circumstances or whether he really wanted to save the corruption-ridden system.

At the end of his period as prime minister, Amato gave a speech to the Parliament in which he solemnly promised that the at end of his term he would retire from politics, stressing that his was a true commitment and that he would not break this promise as some politicians (whom he characterized as "mandarins") used to do. However, this promise was short-lived; Amato has come regularly under criticism for having made such a solemn commitment and failìng to keep it.

Amato was President of Italian antitrust authority from November 1994 to December 1997, minister for institutional reforms in Massimo D'Alema's first government from October 1998 to May 1999, and, once again, treasury minister in D'Alema's second government from December 1999 to April 2000. Amato was nearly elected President of the Republic and a close contender to replace Michel Camdessus as head of the International Monetary Fund.

Amato served as prime minister again from April 2000 to May 2001. He promoted economic competitiveness as well as social protection. In addition to economic reforms, he pushed ahead with political and institutional reforms, trying to deal with a weak executive and fragmented legislature.

In December 2001, European Union leaders at the European Council in Laeken apponted Amato and former Belgian Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene to be Vice Presidents of the Convention on the Future of Europe to assist former French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in the drafting of the new European Constitution.

Amato was a Member of the Senate representing the constituency of Grosseto in Tuscany from 2001 to 2006. In 2006, he was elected in the Chamber of Deputies for the Olive Tree list, and named Minister of the Interior in Romano Prodi's centre-left government.

Amato is married to Ms Diana Amato, a professor of Family Law at the University of Rome. They have two children, Elisa and Lorenzo, and three grandchildren, Giulia, Marco and Simone.

• Giuliano Amato Home Page (unofficial, in English and in Italian)
• Giuliano Amato's Project Syndicate op/eds

Preceded by Giulio Andreotti	Prime Minister of Italy 1992–1993	Succeeded by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
Preceded by Vincenzo Scotti	Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1992	Succeeded by Emilio Colombo
Preceded by Massimo D'Alema	Prime Minister of Italy 2000–2001	Succeeded by Silvio Berlusconi
Preceded by Yoshiro Mori	Chair of the G8 2001	Succeeded by Silvio Berlusconi
Preceded by Lamberto Dini	Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 2001	Succeeded by Renato Ruggiero
Preceded by Giuseppe Pisanu	Italian Minister of the Interior 2006 – present	Incumbent

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