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Girolamo Riario (1443 - April 14, 1488) was Lord of Imola and Forlì in the 15th century.

Born in Savona, Riario was the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, who granted him the seignory of Imola, as a dowry for his marriage with Caterina Sforza (daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan) in 1473.

Four year later, just after the marriage had been celebrated, Girolamo obtained also Forlì, ousting the Ordelaffi.

In 1478 he was one of the plotters behind the "Pazzi conspiracy," a plot to assassinate two promininent members of the Medici family in Florence, 1478. In addition to conspiring, he was an intended beneficiary, once Lorenzo and Giuliano de' Medici had been killed. In 1484, after the death of Sixtus IV, Catherine occupied briefly Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome on his behalf.

Riario promoted several further plots against the Medici, but they all failed. In 1488 he was the last of the main Pazzi conspirators left alive, and was himself assassinated in a conspiracy led by two members of the Orsi family from Forlì, supposedly over a financial dispute. On April 14, Checco and Ludovico Orsi entered the government palace, one of them attacked Riario with a sword. Despite the Count's guards, a total of nine assassins slashed Riario to death, eventually flinging his corpse into a local piazza, where a crowd gathered in support of the assassins. The assassins then proceeded to loot the palace.

Although assassinations were not altogether uncommon in Renaissance Florence, they still had repercussions. Despite writing to Lorenzo de' Medici, who no doubt approved of the result of the assassination, they received no written support by the Medici family. Support, both military and popular, eventually sided with Riario's widow, and the Orsi brothers fled, taking what they could with them. Their remaining assets and family were soon destroyed by angry mobs.

Riario's body had been recovered from the piazza by a local friar, and once Riario's widow proved vindicated, she had the body cleaned up and laid in state for three days in the church of San Francesco.

• Martines, Lauro (2003). April Blood: Florence and the Plot Against the Medici. Oxford UP.