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Gerald William Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour PC (9 April 1853 – 14 January 1945), known as Gerald Balfour until 1930, was a British nobleman and Conservative politician. Balfour was the fourth son of James Maitland Balfour, Whittingehame, Haddingtonshire and Lady Blanche Cecil, daughter of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury. Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, was his elder brother. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he gained 1st Class Honours in the Classical Tripos.

Balfour sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Leeds Central from 1885 to 1906. During this time he was a member of Commission on Labour, and Private Secretary to his brother Arthur Balfour, when he was President of the Local Government Board in 1885 to 1886. He later served as Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1895 to 1900, as President of the Board of Trade from 1900 to 1905 and as President of the Local Government Board in 1905. He was admitted to the Irish Privy Council in 1895 and to the British Privy Council in 1905. On retiring from the House of Commons, he was Chairman of the Commission on Lighthouse Administration in 1908, and Chairman of the Cambridge Committee of the Commission on Oxford and Cambridge Universities. He received an Honorary LLD from Cambridge University, and was a Fellow of Trinity. He succeeded his brother Arthur as second Earl of Balfour in 1930 according to a special remainder in the letters patent and took a seat in the House of Lords.

Lord Balfour married Lady Elizabeth Edith "Betty" Balfour, daughter of Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, in 1887. They had six children:

• Lady Eleanor Balfour (???? - ????)
• Lady Ruth Balfour (d. 30 August 1967)
• Mary Edith Balfour (d. 21 January 1894)
• Lady Evelyn Barbara "Eve" Balfour (b. 16 July 1898 - d. 19??)
• Robert Arthur Lytton Balfour, 3rd Earl of Balfour (b. 31 December 1902 - d. 28 November 1968)
• Lady Kathleen Constance Blanche Balfour (b. 1912 - d. 20 August 1996).

The Countess of Balfour died in 1942, aged 74. Lord Balfour survived her by three years and died in January 1945, aged 91. He was succeeded in the earldom by his only son Robert.

• G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, UK: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XIII, p. 373
• Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, 1998), p. 691
• Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, p. 173