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Fifth Army (Ottoman Empire)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Fifth Army | |
|---|---|
| Active | ?- October 1918 |
| Country | Ottoman Empire |
| Type | Field Army |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Otto Liman von Sanders (March 1915–24 February 1918) Mahmut Kamil (February 1918) |
|
|
|---|
| Naval operations – Anzac – Helles – 1st Krithia – 2nd Krithia – 3rd Krithia – Gully Ravine – Sari Bair – Krithia Vineyard – Lone Pine – Suvla – The Nek – Chunuk Bair – Scimitar Hill – Hill 60 |
The Fifth Army of the Ottoman Empire or Turkish Fifth Army was formed on March 24, 1915 with the responsibility for the defense of the Dardanelles straits after the Ottoman Empire entered World War I. The original commander of the army was the German military advisor to the Ottoman Empire, General Otto Liman von Sanders, who had previously commanded the Turkish First Army in Constantinople. Later in the campaign, command passed to Vehip Pasha who became responsible for the Helles front while von Sanders still wielded considerable influence.
In early 1915, as the Allied campaign to seize the Dardanelles (Battle of Gallipoli) commenced, the Fifth Army comprised two army corps; the Turkish III Corps was defending the Gallipoli peninsula and the Turkish XV Corps was defending the Asian shore. In addition, the 5th Division was positioned north of the peninsula. The corps contained the following divisions:
- III Corps (commanded by Essad Pasha)
- XV Corps
The Fifth Army also contained the Çanakkale Fortress Command and one aircraft squadron.
When the Allies launched their August Offensive in a final effort to capture the peninsula, the number of Turkish divisions involved in the defence of the peninsula had expanded to ten (6 at Helles, 4 at Anzac) plus additional unattached infantry regiments and a brigade of cavalry. The four divisions at Anzac made up the III Corps.
A further three divisions, arranged in the "Asian Group", were responsible for the defence of the Asian shore of the Dardanelles. The Turkish XVI Corps, also known as the "Saros Group", was located north of the peninsula's neck to defend against a landing from the Gulf of Saros.