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Fauvism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Les Fauves (French for The Wild Beasts) were a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities, and the imaginative use of deep color over the representational values retained by Impressionism. The movement existed 1905–1907 and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain.
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The artists shared their first exhibition at the 1905 Salon d'Automne. Critic Louis Vauxcelles described the work with the phrase "Donatello au milieu des fauves!" (Donatello among the wild beasts), referring to a Renaissance-type sculpture that shared the room with them.[1] His comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in Gil Blas, a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage.[1] The pictures gained considerable condemnation, such as "A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public" from the critic Camille Mauclair (1872–1945), but also some favourable attention.[1] The painting that was singled out for attacks was Matisse's Woman with a Hat, which was bought by Gertrude and Leo Stein: this had a very positive effect on Matisse, who was suffering demoralisation from the bad reception of his work.[1]
Fauvists simplified lines, made the subject of the painting easy to read and exaggerated perspectives. A prediction of the Fauves was expressed in 1888 by Paul Gauguin to Paul Sérusier:
| “ | How do you see these trees? They are yellow. So, put in yellow; this shadow, rather blue, paint it with pure ultramarine; these red leaves? Put in vermilion. | ” |
Gustave Moreau was the movement's inspirational teacher; a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and a Symbolist painter he pushed his students to think outside of the lines of formality and to follow their visions.
The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain — friendly rivals of a sort, each with his own followers. Their paintings use powerful colors to draw the eye. Their disciples included Albert Marquet, Charles Camoin, the Belgian painter Henri Evenepoel, Jean Puy, Maurice de Vlaminck, Henri Manguin, Raoul Dufy, Othon Friesz, Georges Rouault, the Dutch painter Kees van Dongen, the Swiss painter Alice Bailly and Georges Braque (subsequently Picasso's partner in Cubism).
Fauvism, as a movement, had no concrete theories, and was short lived, beginning in 1905 and ending in 1907, they only had three exhibitions. Matisse was seen as the prime artist of the movement, due to his seniority in age and prior self-establishment in the academic art world. He said he wanted to create art to delight; art as a decoration was his purpose and it can be said that his use of bright colors tries to maintain serenity of composition.
Among the influences of the movement were Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh, both of whom had begun using colors in a brighter, more imaginative manner. The pointillism of Georges Seurat and the other Neo-impressionist painters, in particular Paul Signac, and the work of Paul Cezanne, were also central.
 Henri Matisse, Open Window, Collioure, 1905, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. |
 Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L´Estaque 1906, The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston |
 André Derain, Charing Cross Bridge, London, 1906, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. |
 Maurice de Vlaminck, The River Seine at Chatou, 1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art |
 Maurice de Vlaminck, The Circus, 1906 |
 Kees van Dongen, Woman with Large Hat, 1906 |
- William H. Gerdts (1995). The Color of Modernism: The American Fauves. New York: Hollis Taggart Galleries.
- Sarah Whitfield (1991). Fauvism. London: Thames And Hudson.
- ^ a b c d Chilver, Ian (Ed.). [http://www.enotes.com/oxford-art-encyclopedia/ fauvism "Fauvism"], The Oxford Dictionary of Art, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved from enotes.com, 26 December 2007.
- Fauve Painting from the Permanent Collection at the National Gallery of Art
- Fauvism: The Wild Beasts of Early Twentieth Century Art
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| Leaders | Henri Matisse · André Derain |
| Artists | Alice Bailly · Georges Braque · Charles Camoin · Kees van Dongen · Raoul Dufy · Henri Evenepoel · Othon Friesz · Henri Manguin · Albert Marquet · Jean Puy · Georges Rouault · Maurice de Vlaminck |
| Paintings | Green Stripe |
| Influences | Paul Cezanne · Paul Gauguin · Vincent van Gogh · Gustave Moreau (teacher) · Georges Seurat · Paul Signac · Neo-impressionism · Pointillism |
| See also | Louis Vauxcelles (critic) |
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