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For the municipality in the Philippines, see Duero, Bohol.

Douro
Spanish: Duero, Portuguese: Douro
The river between Porto (right) and Vila Nova de Gaia (left), facing west
Countries	Spain, Portugal
Length	897 km (557 mi)
Source
- location	Picos De Ubrion, Soria Province, Spain
Mouth	Atlantic Ocean
- location	Porto, Portugal

The Douro or Duero (Latin: Durius, Spanish: Duero, Portuguese: Douro, pron. IPA: ['doɾu]) is one of the major rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, flowing from its source near Duruelo de la Sierra in the province of Soria across northern-central Spain and Portugal to its outlet at Porto. Its total length is 897 km, of which only sections on the Portuguese river are navigable by light rivercraft.

The name may have come from the Celtic tribes that inhabited the area before Roman times. (However, although in modern Welsh dwr is 'water', the Celtic root is *dubro- ).

In its Spanish section, the Duero crosses the great Castilian meseta and meanders through five significant provinces of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon: Soria, Burgos, Valladolid, Zamora, and Salamanca, passing through the towns of Soria, Almazán, Aranda de Duero, Tordesillas, and Zamora.

In this region there are few large tributaries of the Duero. The most important are the Pisuerga, passing through Valladolid, and the Esla, which passes through Benavente.

This region, for the most part, is one of semi-arid plains planted with wheat and in some places, especially near Aranda de Duero, in wine grapes, in the Ribera del Duero wine region. Sheep rearing is also still important.

International Douro near Miranda

Then, for 112 km, the river forms part of the national border line between Spain and Portugal, in a region of narrow canyons, making it an historical barrier for invasions and a linguistic dividing line. This isolated area has now a protected status: the International Douro Natural Park.

Once the Douro enters Portugal, major population centres are less frequent. Except for Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia, at the river mouth, the only population centres of any note are Foz do Tua, Pinhão and Peso da Régua. Tributaries are small and flow into canyons to enter the larger river. The most important are the Côa, the Tua, and the Tâmega. None of these small, fast flowing rivers are navigable.

Profile of the Douro river, from source to mouth

These reaches of the Douro have a microclimate allowing for cultivation of olives, almonds, and especially grapes important for making the famous Port wine. The region around Pinhão and São João da Pesqueira is considered to be the centre of Port wine, with its picturesque quintas or farms clinging on to almost vertical slopes dropping down to the river. Many of these quintas are owned by multinational wine companies and are worth a visit.

Traditionally, the wine was taken down river in flat-bottom boats called rabelos, to be stored in barrels in cellars in Vila Nova de Gaia, just across the river from Porto. In the 1950s and 1960s dams were built along the river ending this river traffic. There are nine dams on the Portuguese Douro alone making the flow of water uniform and generating hydroelectric power. Now Port wine is transported in tanker trucks.

Recently, a prosperous tourist industry has developed based on river excursions from Porto to points along the Upper Douro valley. Boats pass through the dams by way of locks.

Major riverside towns: Soria, Almazán, Aranda de Duero, Tordesillas, Zamora (Spain); Peso da Régua, Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto (Portugal)

The Douro in Zamora (Spain)	The Pisuerga River (tributary to the Duero) in Valladolid	The Upper Douro valley where Port wine grapes grow	The typical rabelo boat and Porto historical district in background
The river mouth from Porto's Crystal Palace Gardens, facing west	Port wine signs by the river Douro	Panoramic view
The river between Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia

Coordinates: 46°08′N, 6°33′E

• view from the river