List of world's largest domes

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Dome of the Pantheon in Rome with oculus. Largest dome in the world for more than 1600 years.
Dome of the Pantheon in Rome with oculus. Largest dome in the world for more than 1600 years.
Oval dome of St. Gereon's Basilica in Cologne, Germany.
Oval dome of St. Gereon's Basilica in Cologne, Germany.

Domes are in architectural terms particularly demanding structures. A dome may be defined as a self-supporting structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere; this definition excludes structures such as The O2 (formerly the Millennium Dome) in London which is 365m in diameter and supported by masts.

In the following, domes are classified according to three different categories. The defining criteron is in each case the diameter of the largest circular cross-section of the dome.

  • The temporal dimension: World's largest domes in history
  • The geographic dimension: Largest domes by continent
  • The constructional dimension: Largest domes by structure

Contents

Below is a list of buildings that have held the title of the largest dome in the world.[1]

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1250 BCE – 1st century BCE 14.5 m [2] Treasury of Atreus Mycenae, Greece City state of Mycenae 1300-1250 BCE Corbel dome
1st century BCE – 128 CE 21.5 m [3] Temple of Mercury Baiae, Italy Roman Empire 1st century BCE Concrete dome
128 – 1881 43.4 m [3] Pantheon Rome, Italy Roman Empire 128 Largest unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world
1881 - 1902 44.2 m [4] or
46.9 m [5]		 Devonshire Royal Hospital Buxton, UK 1881 Converted from a horse stables to a hospital. Slate covered iron frame. Architect Robert Rippon Duke
1902 – 1913 61.0 m [6] West Baden Springs Hotel West Baden, Indiana, USA Lee Wiley Sinclair 1902 Steel and glass dome. Architect Harrison Albright
1913 – 1930 65.0 m [7] Centennial Hall Breslau, Poland Deutsches Reich 1913 Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Max Berg
1930 – 1944 65.8 m [8] Leipzig Market Hall Leipzig, Germany Deutsches Reich 1930 Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Franz Dischinger
1944 – 1965 71.0 m [9] V-2 Bunker La Coupole Wizernes, France Nazi Germany 1944 Reinforced concrete dome, 5m thick
1965 - 1992 216.4 m[citation needed] Reliant Astrodome Houston, Texas, USA H.A. Lott, Inc. 1965 First domed sports stadium in the world
1992 – present 256.0 m [10] Georgia Dome Atlanta, Georgia, USA Georgia World Congress Center Authority 1992 Cable-supported dome

Below is a list of buildings that have held the title of the largest dome on their continent.[1]

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1250 BCE - 1st century BCE 14.5 m [2] Treasury of Atreus Mycenae, Greece City state of Mycenae 1300-1250 BCE Corbel dome
1st century BCE - 128 CE 21.5 m [3] Temple of Mercury Baiae, Italy Roman Empire 1st century BCE Concrete dome
128 - 1881 43.4 m [3] Pantheon Rome, Italy Roman Empire 128 Largest unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world
1881 - 1913 44.2 m [4] or
46.9 m [5]		 Devonshire Royal Hospital Buxton, UK 1881 Converted from a horse stables to a hospital. Slate covered iron frame. Architect Robert Rippon Duke
1913 - 1930 65.0 m [7] Centennial Hall Breslau, Poland Deutsches Reich 1913 Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Max Berg
1930 - 1944 65.8 m [8] Leipzig Market Hall Leipzig, Germany Deutsches Reich 1930 Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Franz Dischinger
1944 - present 71.0 m [9] V2-Bunker La Coupole Wizernes, France Nazi Germany 1944 Reinforced concrete dome, 5m thick

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Constructed Comment
1864 - 1902 29.0 m [11] Capitol Washington D.C., USA USA 1864 Architect Thomas Walter
1902 - 1965 61.0 m [6] West Baden Springs Hotel West Baden, Indiana, USA Lee Wiley Sinclair 1902 Architect Harrison Albright
1965 - 1992 216.4 m[citation needed] Reliant Astrodome Houston, Texas, USA H.A. Lott, Inc. First domed sports stadium in the world
1992 – present 256.0 m [10] Georgia Dome Atlanta, Georgia, USA Georgia World Congress Center Authority 1992 Cable-supported dome

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Constructed Comment

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Constructed Comment
140.0 m [12] Coca-Cola Dome Johannesburg, South Africa

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Constructed Comment
2002 35.5m Grain storage facility Baghdad / Iraq Al Fao General Engineering Company 2002 Iraq has the largest number of cuvilinear structures as hemisphericals or semieliptical fully mechanised grain storage facilities. Salwan Majeed a civil engineer was behind these facilities construction.
691 - 1659 20.37 m Dome of the Rock Jerusalem, Israel Umayyad Empire 691 First monumental building of Islam, erected in Byzantine architectural style
1659 - 1969 37.9 m Gol Gumbaz Bijapur, India Sultanate of Bijapur 1659 Mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah II (1627-57) of the Adil Shahi dynasty of the Sultanate of Bijapur.
1969 - present 72 m Masjid e Tooba Karachi, Pakistan Defense Housing Society, Karachi 1969

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Constructed Comment

Below is a list of buildings that have held the title of the largest dome in terms of their structure.[1]

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1250 BCE - present 14.5 m [2] Treasury of Atreus Mycenae, Greece City state of Mycenae 1300-1250 BCE Corbel dome

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1902-1913 61 m West Baden Springs Hotel West Baden, Indiana USA Lee Wiley Sinclair 1902 steel and glass construction

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1st century BCE - 128 CE 21.5 m [3] 'Temple of Mercury' Baiae, Italy Roman Empire 1st century BCE Concrete dome
128 - present 43.4 m [3] Pantheon Rome, Italy Roman Empire 128 Largest unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
563-1436 31.5 m Hagia Sophia Istanbul, Turkey Byzantine Empire 563 First pendentive dome in history. First completed in 537, rebuilt in 563 after earthquake. Architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus.
1436 - 1969 42-45 m [13] The Duomo Florence, Italy City state of Florence 1436 First double-dome structure in Europe
1969 - present 72 m Masjid e Tooba Karachi, Pakistan Defense Housing Society, Karachi 1969

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1864 - present 29.0 m [11] United States Capitol dome Washington D.C., USA USA 1864 Architect Thomas Walter

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1913 - 1930 65.0 m [7] Centennial Hall Breslau, Poland Deutsches Reich 1913 Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Max Berg
1930 - 1944 65.8 m [8] Leipzig Market Hall Leipzig, Germany Deutsches Reich 1930 Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Franz Dischinger
1944 - present 71.0 m [9] V2-Bunker La Coupole Wizernes, France Nazi Germany 1944 Reinforced concrete dome, 5m thick

Held record Diameter Name Location Builder Completed Comment
1983 - 1991 161.5 m[citation needed](→Tacoma Dome) Tacoma Dome Tacoma, Washington, USA City of Tacoma, WA 1983 Geodesic dome
1991 - present 163.4 m[citation needed](→Superior Dome) Superior Dome Marquette, Michigan, USA State of Michigan/Northern Michigan University 1991 Geodesic dome

Below is a list of large domes which are considered particularly important for various reasons.[1]

Completed Diameter Name Location Builder Comment
1227 21.0 m long
16.9 m wide [14]		 St. Gereon's Basilica Cologne, Germany Bishop or city? Oval shape, largest occidental dome built between Hagia Sophia and the Duomo
1405 18.2 m Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi Türkistan, Kazakhstan Tamerlane Double dome
1557 27.2 m Suleiman Mosque Istanbul, Turkey Ottoman Empire Architect Sinan
1575 31.2 m [15] Selimiye Mosque Edirne, Turkey Ottoman Empire Architect Sinan
1590 42.3 m St. Peter's Basilica Rome, Vatican City The Holy See Double dome
1641 17.7 m [16] Taj Mahal Agra, India Mughal Empire
1710 30.8 m [17] St. Paul's Cathedral London, England British Empire
1781 36.0m [18] St. Blaise's Abbey St. Blaise, Germany Third widest dome in Europe at the time of its construction.[18]
1871 45.0 m [19] Mosta Dome Mosta, Malta George Grongnet de Vassé The third largest unsupported dome in the world.
1894 31.0m [20] Marble Church Copenhagen, Denmark Frederick V Built from 1749 to 1894 by three different architects, with no construction done from 1770 to 1877.
1963 108 m Araneta Coliseum Quezon City, Philippines J. Amado Araneta
1975 207.3 m[citation needed](→Louisiana Superdome) Louisiana Superdome New Orleans, USA Louisiana Stadium/Expo District
1988 170ft (diameter) and 350m (height) Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Biggest mosque in Malaysia, second biggest mosque in South East Asia, also known as Blue Mosque, the minaret(460ft) listed in Guinness World Record as having the tallest minaret in the world until takeover by the King Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca and can accommodate up to 16,000 workshippers at a time.

Interior of the West Baden Springs Hotel's steel and glass dome built in 1902

Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.


  1. ^ a b c d It is requested that additional entries should be made on the basis of credible print or online sources. Please provide your sources.
  2. ^ a b c Treasury of Atreus in the Structurae database
  3. ^ a b c d e f R. Mark and P. Hutchinson, "On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon", Art Bulletin 68, March 1986, p.24
  4. ^ a b Visit Buxton: Architecture in Buxton
  5. ^ a b Copp, E. P. (2004), "The Devonshire Royal Hospital Buxton", Rheumatology 43 (3): 385-386, <http://0-rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org.innopac.up.ac.za:80/cgi/content/full/43/3/385>
  6. ^ a b Curtis, Wayne (2007), "Back home in Indiana", Preservation 59 (3): 40-47, <http://Preservationonline.org>
  7. ^ a b c UNESCO World Heritage: Centennial Hall in Breslau
  8. ^ a b c Leipzig Market Hall in the Structurae database
  9. ^ a b c Inventaire général des monuments et des richesses artistiques de la France: Schotterwerk Nord West (SNW) : Base V2
  10. ^ a b Building Big Databank: Georgia Dome, PBS Online/WGBH
  11. ^ a b H. Hagedann & Ch. Plato: Kuppeln historisch
  12. ^ Coca-Cola Dome: Dimensions of Coca-Cola Dome
  13. ^ Figures vary. archINFORM gives a 45 m wide tambour, while Santa Maria del Fiore in the Structurae database gives a 43 m diameter of the cupola, others as little as 42 m.
  14. ^ Werner Schäfke: Kölns romanische Kirchen. Architektur, Ausstattung, Geschichte. Köln, 1985, 5. ed. 288 pp., p.100&118, ISBN 3-7701-1360-8
  15. ^ Selimiye Mosque in the Structurae database
  16. ^ Taj Mahal in the Structurae database
  17. ^ R. Mark and P. Hutchinson, "On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon", Art Bulletin 68, March 1986, p.34
  18. ^ a b Dom St. Blasius Website (German).
  19. ^ Chevron Air Holidays: Mosta
  20. ^ Marmorkirken.dk: Marble Church

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