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Disulfur dichloride
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Disulfur dichloride | |
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| IUPAC name | Sulfur(I) chloride |
| Other names | Disulfur dichloride Sulfur monochloride |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| RTECS number | WS4300000 |
| SMILES | ClSSCl |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | S2Cl2 |
| Molar mass | 135.04 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow liquid |
| Density | 1.688 g/cm³, liquid |
| Melting point |
–80 °C |
| Boiling point |
137.1 °C |
| Solubility in water | decomp with loss of HCl |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.658 |
| Structure | |
| Coordination geometry |
gauche |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | corrosive |
| NFPA 704 |
 1
2
1
|
| R-phrases | 14-20-25-29-35-50 |
| S-phrases | 26-36/37/39-45-61 |
| Related Compounds | |
| Related compounds | SCl2 SO2Cl2 SF4 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Disulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the formula S2Cl2. An alternative name for this compound is sulfur monochloride, the name implied by its empirical formula, SCl. S2Cl2 has the structure implied by the formula Cl-S-S-Cl, wherein the angle between the Cla-S-S and S-S-Clb planes is 90°. This structure is referred to as gauche, and is akin to that for H2O2. A different isomer of S2Cl2 is S=SCl2; this isomer forms transiently when S2Cl2 is exposed to UV-radiation.
Disulfur dichloride is an orange/yellow liquid that smokes in air due to reaction with water:
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- 2 S2Cl2 + 2 H2O → SO2 + 4 HCl + 3/8 S8
It is synthesized by partial chlorination of elemental sulfur:
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- S8 + 4 Cl2 → 4 S2Cl2 ΔH = −58.2 kJ/mol
Excess chlorine gives sulfur dichloride:
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- S2Cl2 + Cl2 → 2 SCl2 ΔH = −40.6 kJ/mol
Both reactions are reversible, and upon standing, SCl2 releases chlorine to revert to the disulfur dichloride. It has the ability to dissolve sulfur, which reflects in part the formation of polysulfanes:
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- S2Cl2 + n S → S2+nCl2
S2Cl2 also arises from the chlorination of CS2 as in the synthesis of thiophosgene.
S2Cl2 has been used to introduce C-S bonds. In the presence of AlCl3, S2Cl2 reacts with benzene to give diphenyl sulfide:
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- S2Cl2 + C6H6 → (C6H5)2S + 2 HCl + 1/8 S8
Anilines react with S2Cl2 in the presence of NaOH via the so-called Herz reaction to give ortho-aminothiophenolates. These species are precursors to thioindigo dyes. It is also used to prepare the sulfur mustard "gas" by reaction with ethylene:
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- S2Cl2 + 2 C2H4 → (ClC2H4)2S + 1/8 S8
| The references in this article would be clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. |
- Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- W. W. Hartman, L. A. Smith, and J. B. Dickey "Diphenylsulfide" Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.242; Vol. 14, p.36.
- R. J. Cremlyn “An Introduction to Organosulfur Chemistry” John Wiley and Sons: Chichester (1996). ISBN 0-471-95512-4
- Garcia-Valverde M., Torroba T. (2006). "Heterocyclic chemistry of sulfur chlorides - Fast ways to complex heterocycles". European J. Org. Chem. 4: 849-861.