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United States Department of the Interior
Seal of the Department of the Interior
Agency overview
Formed	March 3, 1849
Employees	71,436 (2004)
Annual Budget	$10.7 billion (2004)
Agency Executives	Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary   Lynn Scarlett, Deputy Secretary
Website
www.doi.gov

The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally owned land. These responsibilities are different from other countries' Interior Departments or ministries, which tend to focus on police or security.

It is administered by the United States Secretary of the Interior, who typically comes from a Western state. The current Secretary of the Interior is Dirk Kempthorne of Idaho.

For nearly two years the Department of the Interior used this seal, which was withdrawn quickly because of poor public perception.

A department for domestic concern was first considered by the First United States Congress in 1789, but those duties were placed in the Department of State. Its proposal continued to percolate for a half-century and was supported by Presidents from James Madison to James Polk. The 1846-48 Mexican-American War gave the proposal new steam as the responsibilities of the federal government grew. President Polk's Secretary of the Treasury, Robert J. Walker became a vocal champion of creating the new department.

In 1848, Walker stated in his annual report that several federal offices were placed in departments with which they had little to do. He noted that General Land Office had little to do with the Department of the Treasury. He also highlighted the Indian Affairs office in the Department of War and the Patent Office in the State Department. He argued that all should be brought together in a new Department of the Interior.

A bill authorizing its creation passed the House of Representatives on February 15, 1849, and spent just over two weeks in the Senate. The Department was established on March 3, 1849, the eve of President Zachary Taylor's inauguration, when the Senate voted 31 to 25 to create the Department. Its passage was delayed by Congressional Democrats who were reluctant to create more patronage opportunities for the incoming Whig administration.

Many of the domestic concerns the Department originally dealt with were gradually transferred to other Departments. Other agencies became separate Departments, such as the Bureau of Agriculture, which later became the Department of Agriculture. However, land and natural resource management, Native American affairs, wildlife conservation, and territorial affairs remain the responsibilities of the Department of the Interior.

As of mid-2004, the Department managed 507 million acres (2,050,000 km²) of surface land, or about one-fifth of the land in the United States. It manages 476 dams and 348 reservoirs through the Bureau of Reclamation, 388 national parks, monuments, seashore sites, etc. through the National Park Service, and 544 national wildlife refuges through the Fish and Wildlife Service. Energy projects on federally managed lands and offshore areas supply about 28 percent of the nation's energy production.

Within the Interior Department, the Bureau of Indian Affairs handles some federal relations with Native Americans, while others are handled by the Office of Special Trustee. The Department has been the subject of disputes over proper accounting for Indian Trusts set up to track the income and pay-out of monies that are generated by trust and restricted Native American lands. Currently there are several cases that seek accountings of such funds from the Departments of Interior and Treasury.

The hierarchy of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

• National Park Service
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• Bureau of Indian Affairs
• Bureau of Land Management
• Minerals Management Service
• Office of Surface Mining
• U.S. Geological Survey
• Bureau of Reclamation
• Office of Insular Affairs

• Crimes Against Nature by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. (2004)

• United States Department of the Interior Official Website
• The Department of Everything Else: Highlights of Interior History
• Indian Trust: Cobell V. Kempthorne
• Department Of The Interior Meeting Notices and Rule Changes from The Federal Register RSS Feed

v • d • e Agencies under the United States Department of the Interior
Secretary of the Interior Deputy Secretary of the Interior Bureau of Land Management • Bureau of Indian Affairs • Office of Surface Mining • Bureau Of Reclamation • Fish and Wildlife Service • Minerals Management Service • National Park Service • Geological Survey • Office of Insular Affairs • National Business Center