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Democratic Party of Japan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| 民主党 Nihon Minshutō Democratic Party of Japan |
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| President | Ichirō Ozawa |
| Secretary General | Yukio Hatoyama |
| Councilors Leader | Azuma Koshiishi |
| Representatives Leader | |
| Founded | January 8, 1998 |
| Headquarters | 1-11-1 Nagata-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0014 Japan |
| Political ideology | Social liberalism, center-left |
| International affiliation | none |
| Color(s) | Red and Black (informally) |
| Number of Councilors | 109 |
| Number of Representatives | 110 |
| Website | Democratic Party of Japan |
The Democratic Party of Japan (民主党 Minshutō?) is a social liberal political party in Japan founded in 1998 by the merger of several smaller parties. It is the second-largest party in the House of Representatives and the largest party in the House of Councillors, and it constitutes the primary opposition to the long-dominant Liberal Democratic Party.
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The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) was formed on April 27, 1998. It was a merger of four previously independent parties that were opposed to the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)—the previous Democratic Party of Japan, the Good Governance Party (民政党, Minseitō), the New Fraternity Party (新党友愛, Shintō-Yuuai), and the Democratic Reform Party (民主改革連合, Minshu-Kaikaku-Rengō). These were all new parties that were either liberal or social-democratic. The new party began with ninety-three members of the House of Representatives and thirty-eight members of the House of Councilors.
In 2001, the DPJ elected Japan's first European and foreign-born Diet member, Marutei Tsurunen (born Martti Turunen in Finland), showing its anti-traditionalism and liberalism. The party grew and won a significant number of seats in the 2000 and 2001 Diet elections.
On September 24, 2003, the party formally merged with the small, center-right Liberal Party led by Ichirō Ozawa—the move was largely considered to be done in preparation for the election on November 9, 2003. This move immediately gave the DPJ eight more seats in the House of Councilors.
On October 22, 2003, in a speech delivered jointly by former Party President Naoto Kan and former Liberal Party President Ichirō Ozawa in Okayama, Kan stated: "The LDP should give up the reins of power to the DPJ for once, creating a two-party system that will enable changes of government to take place."
In the elections themselves, the Democrats gained a total of 178 seats. This was short of their objectives, but nevertheless a significant demonstration of the new group's strength. Following a pension scandal, Naoto Kan resigned, and was replaced with a moderate liberal—Katsuya Okada.
In the 2004 House of Councilors elections, the DPJ won a seat more than the ruling Liberal Democrats, but the LDP still maintained its firm majority in total votes. However, this was an extremely important outcome, since it was the first time since its inception that the LDP had garnered fewer votes than another party. Pundits hypothesized that this might signal a shift in Japanese politics away from the catch-all LDP. It remained to be seen, however, whether or not this was simply the result of protest votes against the LDP, who had been rocked by the national pension scandal earlier that year.
The 2005 snap parliamentary elections called by Junichiro Koizumi in response to the rejection of his Japan Post privatization bill saw a major setback to the DPJ's plans of obtaining a majority in the Diet. The DPJ leadership, particularly Okada, had staked their reputation on winning the election and driving the LDP from power. When the final results were in, the DPJ had lost 62 seats, mostly to its rival the LDP, which had been steadily losing seats for many years. Okada resigned the party leadership, fulfilling his campaign promise to do so if the DPJ did not obtain a majority in the Diet. He was replaced by Seiji Maehara in September 2005.
However, Maehara's term as party leader lasted barely half a year. Although he initially led the party's criticism of the Koizumi administration, particularly in regards to connections between LDP lawmakers and scandal-ridden Livedoor, the revelation that a fake email was used to try and establish this link greatly damaged his credibility. The scandal led to the resignation of Representative Hisayasu Nagata and of Maehara as party leader on March 31st. New elections for party leader were held on April 7, in which Ichirō Ozawa was elected President.
In Upper House election 2007, the DPJ won 60 out of 121 contested seats, with 49 seats not up to the election, causing the LDP to lose its majority in the upper house for the first time since its inception.
- The DPJ gains much of its support from blue-collar workers and also from the liberal middle class. It is also gaining support from women and from the urban classes.
- On domestic policy, the party is liberal, and is the largest opposition party and also Japan's largest centrist party.
- The DPJ also counts several members of non-Japanese ancestry, including Marutei Tsurunen (the first European member of the Diet) and Ren Hou (half-Taiwanese).
The Democrats do have some factions, or groups, as they are more commonly called, but are not as factionalized as the LDP, which has traditionally placed high priority on intra-party factional alignment. The groups are, from the most influential to the least influential:
- Hatoyama Group: led by former Liberal Democrat Yukio Hatoyama, has about 60 lawmakers in the Diet. They lean closer to the center than the Kan Group.
- Isshin-kai: supporters of the former Liberal Party leader Ichiro Ozawa, though he is not a member of the faction. About 50 members.
- Kan Group: led by former Party President Naoto Kan. Is one of the more left leaning factions. About 30 members.
- Liberal Party Group: made up of former Liberal Party members. About 30 members, and is led by Ichirō Ozawa and Hirohisa Fujii.
- Japan Socialist Party Group: the most left-leaning faction, created by more moderate members of the former Japan Socialist Party who felt the Social Democratic Party was too radical. About 30 seats, led by Takahiro Yokomichi.
- Democratic Socialist Party: members of the former Democratic Socialist Party which merged with the DPJ early on. About 50 members, led by Takashi Yonezawa.
- Ryoun-kai: the second most conservative and right-leaning faction. Most of its members are from The Sakigake Party, who did not want to join the more ecologist Midori no Kaigi which Sakigake morphed into when it dissolved (Midori no Kaigi itself is now disbanded). Ryoun-kai has about 20 seats in the assembly and is led by Seiji Maehara and Yukio Edano.
- Conservative Group: the smallest and most conservative faction. Liberal Democrats who joined the DPJ sit with the Conservatives. Has only a few members.
The Independent’s Club, a liberal centrist faction which sits with the Democratic Party in both chambers of the house, is not a separate political entity, yet part of the Democratic Party (not a faction or group) which calls itself the Independent’s Club.
The largest and most influential faction is the Hatoyama Faction. Former party president Katsuya Okada sits with no faction, yet he supports the Kan Group.
- Naoto Kan Apr 1998–Sep 1999
- Yukio Hatoyama Sep 1999–Dec 2002
- Naoto Kan Dec 2002–May 2004
- Katsuya Okada May 2004–Sep 2005
- Seiji Maehara Sep 2005–Mar 2006
- Ichirō Ozawa Apr 2006–
- Democratic Party of Japan (English)
- Democratic Party of Japan (Japanese)
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| Parliamentary parties | Liberal Democratic Party – Democratic Party of Japan – New Komeito Party – Japanese Communist Party – Social Democratic Party – People's New Party – New Party Nippon – New Party Daichi |
| Other parties | Liberal League – Dainiin Club – Takeru – Japan Greens |
| Portal:Politics - List of political parties - Politics of Japan | |