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Debre Tabor is a town and a woreda in north-central Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, about 100 kilometers southeast of Gondar and 50 kilometers east of Lake Tana, this historic town has a latitude and longitude of 11°31′N, 38°1′E. The town is named for the Biblical Mount Tabor ("Debre Tabor" in Amharic means "Mount Tabor"). The presence of at least 48 springs in the area contributed to the development of Debre Tabor.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Debre Tabor has an estimated total population of 39,052 of whom 20,078 were males and 18,974 were females. The woreda has an estimated area of 5.85 square kilometers, which gives Debre Tabor a density of 6,675.60 people per square kilometer.^[1]

Debre Tabor is served by an airport (ICAO code HADT, IATA DBT).

Debre Tabor was the capital of Ethiopia under two Emperors: Tewodros II, before he moved the capital to Magdala; and Yohannes IV. As a result, in the 19th century the population of this town varied depending on whether the emperor was in residence. If he was present, the population could reach 30,000 as it did under Emperor Yohannes; if he was not, it would be around 5,000 people.^[2]

Authorities differ over the facts of its founding. Mordechai Abir states that it was founded by Ras Ali I;^[3] however, Richard Pankhurst gives a detailed account of its foundation by Ras Gugsa, and includes the tradition that the location was selected with supernatural help.^[4] In either case, Debre Tabor was the seat of the Regents of the Emperor in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, from which periods several churches and the ruins of two palaces survive.

Debre Tabor was sacked by an army from the province of Lasta in 1835.^[5] The Battle of Debre Tabor was fought nearby on February 6, 1842; although Dejazmach Wube Haile Maryam and his allies defeated the armies of Ras Ali II and sacked Debre Tabor once again, they were surprised while celebrating their victory by Birru Aligaz, an ally of Ras Ali, who captured Wube and his son and extracted concessions from them in return for their release.^[6]

Ras Ali built four churches in Debre Tabor: Iyasus on the mountain to the southeast, Ennatitu Maryam and Legitu Maryam to the east, and Tegur Mikael to the north. A second palace was built for his mother, the Empress Mennen Liben Amede, which was not as large as Ras Ali's.^[7]

1. ^ CSA 2005 National Statistics, Table B.4
2. ^ Richard P.K. Pankhurst, An Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800-1935 (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press, 1968), p. 694.
3. ^ Mordechai Abir, Ethiopia: Era of the Princes (London: Longmans, 1968), p.30.
4. ^ Richard P.K. Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), p. 265.
5. ^ Pankhurst, Ethiopian Towns, p. 266.
6. ^ Abir, Era of Princes, pp. 111f; Pankhurst, Ethiopian Towns, p. 268.
7. ^ Pankhurst, Ethiopian Towns, pp. 271ff.

• Cities of Ethiopia: Debre Tabor by John Taylor (Addis Tribune, 1 October 2001)