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The Czech Republic citizenship law is generally based on the principles of Jus sanguinis. In other words, descent from a Czech parent is the primary method of acquiring Czech citizenship (together with naturalisation). Birth in the Czech Republic is not generally a basis for acquiring Czech citizenship. Every Czech citizen is also a citizen of the European Union.

The law came into effect on the 1st January 1993, the same date as the Czech Republic itself, and has been amended twice in 1993, and once in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2002.

Dual citizenship is restricted under Czech law although there are some exceptions.

Contents 1 Citizenship by birth 2 Emigrants 3 Declaration 4 Naturalization 5 Loss of citizenship 5.1 Involuntary 5.2 Voluntary 6 Waiving the requirements 7 Case studies 8 Proof of citizenship 9 See also 10 External links

Jus sanguinis - typical of Continental Europe. In principle, any person born to a Czech citizen is a Czech citizen at birth.

• it does not matter if the person is born in the Czech Republic or elsewhere
• where only the father is Czech, and the parents are unmarried, proof of paternity is required

Children born in the Czech Republic to non-Czech parents do not acquire Czech citizenship unless:

• the parents are stateless; and
• at least one parent is a permanent resident of the Czech Republic

Children aged less than 15 years found on the territory of the Czech Republic (where identity of the parents cannot be established) are deemed to be Czech citizens.

Due to communist regime in 1948-89 hundreds of thousands of Czechoslovakian citizens had emigrated into The West. Authorities had punished them by taking their citizenship away (and by property confiscation and prison sentences). Since the Velvet revolution (1989) many emigrants have tried to obtain the Czechoslovakian and later Czech citizenship back. During 1999 - 2004 a special law allowed them to regain the old citizenship ^[1].

Historical groups of ethnic Czechs living in other countries (post-Soviet states, Romania) get handled on a case by case bases (see more).

If a person was a citizen of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic as of the 31st of December 1992, he may declare citizenship of either the Czech Republic or Slovakia (gaining Slovak citizenship), assuming he does not have any other citizenship.

Citizens that have for at least 5 years (10 years until 2005) held a right for permanent residence and have resided in the Czech Republic for most of that time, can apply for Czech naturalization, if they can prove they have or will lose their original citizenship upon being granted Czech citizenship, is of good character and can prove proficiency in the Czech language. Parents can apply for their children under 15 years of age.

The residence requirement can be waived if the person has a permanent residence permit and

• was born on the territory of the Czech Republic, or
• has lived there for at least 10 years continuously, or
• has held Czech citizenship before, or
• was adopted by a Czech citizen, or
• his or her spouse is a Czech citizen, or
• at least one of his or her parents is a Czech citizen, or
• has relocated to the Czech Republic before 31st December 1994 based on the invitation of the Czech government, or
• is stateless or has the status of refugee in the Czech Republic

The involuntary loss of citizenship is constitutionally prohibited.

The "automatic" loss of Czech Citizenship is particularly true if one left what used to be then "Czechoslovakia" before 11/1989 and gained Citizenship of another country after 01/1993, when it separated from Slovakia and become independent Czech Republic. Example: Paul left "Czechoslovakia" in 1986 and become Citizen of USA in July of 1993, he automatically lost his Czech Citizenship.

Czech citizenship can be renounced voluntarily if doing so wouldn't cause one to be stateless, or by gaining the citizenship of another state, (effectively banning multiple citizenship) unless it is in connection with a marriage or the birth of a child.

The Czech Ministry of Interior can waive all citizenship requirements if the person cannot be released from their original citizenship, or if the state refuses to issue confirmation of the loss of citizenship, or if proving the documents of the loss would result in discriminative persecution, or they have resided on the territory of what is today Czech Republic for at least 20 years (doesn't apply for gaining citizenship by declaration)

• Petr was a Czech citizen who has married an Australian woman, Blanche. After the required 2 years he successfully applied for Australian citizenship. He gets to keep his Czech citizenship as he gained it in connection with a marriage, and he gets Australian citizenship, becoming a dual national.

• Jana is Petr's daughter. She is 12 years old and she was included in her father's application for citizenship. She lost her Czech citizenship as she gained her Australian one by her own free will (in this case through her father, who acted for her as a parent), and not in connection with a birth or a marriage.

• Bob is a British citizen. He wishes to apply for Czech citizenship, but as the Czech Republic doesn't allow dual citizenship, he has to renounce his British citizenship to gain the Czech one.

• Paul left Czechoslovakia in 1986 and became a citizen of the US. He had his Czechoslovak citizenship confiscated, however he could reclaim it between 1999 and 2004 due to a special law passed by the Czech parliament (s. "Emigrants").

Czech citizenship can be proved by holding a national ID (občanský průkaz), a travel document (such as a Czech passport), a proof of citizenship document, and a marriage certificate (if citizenship details are included).

• Slovak nationality law

• Czech Citizenship: Summary of the Czech citizenship law.
• Full amended text of 40/1993 Sb. as of 2005 (Czech)
• Czech Nationality Act 1993
• Ministry of Internal Affairs page on the citizenship law (Czech)