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Toll plaza of Cross Harbour Tunnel at Hung Hom

Kowloon Entrance of XHT

The area around the entrance of the Cross Harbour Tunnel at the Island side in the 1970s, when the tunnel was being constructed.

The Cross-Harbour Tunnel (abbr. CHT or XHT; Chinese: 香港海底隧道; pinyin: Xiānggǎng Hǎidǐ Suìdào; Cantonese Yale: heung1 gong2 hoi2 dai2 seui6 dou6, or informally 紅磡海底隧道, 紅隧) is the first tunnel in Hong Kong built under water. Since its construction, its traffic has increased, becoming one of the most congested roads (mainly towards Hong Kong Island direction) in Hong Kong and the world.

Constructed by a private company and operated under a 30-year franchise, the 1.8 km-long tunnel crossing opened in 1972, providing the first road link between Kowloon and Hong Kong Island; Cross-harbour vehicular traffic depended on ferries before the tunnel was built.

The tunnel links the main financial and commercial districts on both sides of Victoria Harbour, connecting Kellett Island (a former island now connected to Hong Kong Island by reclamation), Hong Kong Island with a reclaimed site at Hung Hom Bay, Kowloon. The toll plaza is located at the Hung Hom end of the tunnel, and has 14 toll booths.

It was administered by The Cross-Harbour Tunnel Company Ltd until August 1999, when the operation franchise agreement expired and the government assumed control.

Although other road tunnels, the Eastern Harbour Crossing and Western Harbour Crossing, have been built across the Victoria Harbour to divert traffic from the Cross-Harbour Tunnel, traffic congestion has not improved. Two reasons include the inconvenient locations of the other two tunnels compared to the Cross-Harbour Tunnel, and more importantly, the control of new tunnels by the powerful state-owned investment group CITIC Pacific. The tolls for crossing either of the other two tunnels were significantly more expensive, tolls were further increased in 2005 by up to 67% to boost investment returns^[1].

The Government of Hong Kong claimed it was powerless to prevent the sharp increase in tolls, and is currently looking at other options to relieve the traffic, including plan of building the fourth harbour crossing tunnel. They encourage motorists to take public buses (which are usually 90% full) and strongly encourage taking KCR and then switching to MTR at East Tsim Sha Tsui Station.

Bus routes that pass through the tunnel:

• Kowloon Motor Bus/New World First Bus: 101, 101R, 102R, 104, 106, 106P, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 115P, 116, 301, 305
• Kowloon Motor Bus/Citybus: 102, 102P, 103, 107, 107P, 117, 118, 118P, 170, 171, 171P, 182, 182P, 807
• Kowloon Motor Bus: 108, 336
• Overnights: N11, N118, N121, N122, N170, N171, N182

• Tunnels and bridges in Hong Kong

1. ^ Ng, Dennis (May 04, 2005). Toll hike ignites call for government to take control. The Standard. Retrieved on 2006-10-27.