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An 1818 pamphlet depicting cravat knot styles.

The cravat is a neckband, the forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff — a starched, pleated white linen strip — started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as a neckcloth (readily changeable, to minimize the soiling of a doublet), or as a bib, or as a napkin. A "band" could indicate either a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar.

The modern cravat originated in the 1630s; like most men's fashions between the 17th century and World War I, it was of military origin. In the reign of Louis XIII of France, Croatian mercenaries ^[1] were enlisted to a regiment supporting the King and Cardinal Richelieu against the Duc de Guise and the Queen Mother, Marie de Medici. The traditional Croat military kit aroused Parisian curiosity in, and about, the unusual, picturesque scarves distinctively knotted at their necks; the cloths used ranged from the coarse-finish cloth of enlisted soldiers, to the fine linens and silks of the officers. The sartorial word "cravat" derives from the French cravate, a corrupt French pronunciation of "Croat" — Croatian "Hrvat" — however, evidence shows the word used in 14th century France and in 16th century Italy. French writer Eustache Deschamps (c. 1340–1407), wrote a ballad containing the phrase: "faites restraindre sa cravate" ("pull his cravat tighter").

Considering the interdependence of many European regions (particularly the French) with the Venetian Empire, which occupied most of Croatia's coast, and the word's uncertain philologic origin, the new male neckdress was known as a cravate. The French readily switched from old-fashioned starched linen ruffs to the new-fashion of loose linen and muslin cravates; the military styles often had broad, laced edges, while a gentleman's cravat could be of fine lace. As an extreme example of the style, the sculptor Grinling Gibbons carved a realistic cravat in white limewood which is now on display in the Victoria and Albert Museum.

On returning to England from exile, in 1660, Charles II imported with him the latest, new word in fashion: "A cravatte is another kind of adornment for the neck being nothing else but a long towel put about the Collar, and so tyed before with a Bow Knott; this is the original of all such Wearings; but now by the Art and Inventions of the seamsters, there is so many new ways of making them, that it would be a task to name, much more to describe them". (Randle Holme, Academy of Armory and Blazon, 1688.)

During the wars of Louis XIV of 1689–1697, except for court, the flowing cravat was replaced with the more current and equally military "Steinkirk", named after the Battle of Steenkerque in 1692. The Steinkirk was a long, narrow, plain or lightly trimmed neckcloth worn with military dress, wrapped once about the neck in a loose knot, with the lace of fringed ends twisted together and tucked out of the way into a button-hole, either of the coat or the waistcoat. The steinkirk was popular with men and women until the 1720s.

The macaronis reintroduced the flowing cravat in the 1770s, and the manner of a man's knotting it became indicative of his taste and style, to the extent that after the Battle of Waterloo (1815) the cravat, itself, was referred to as a "tie".

1. ^ http://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/cravate.html

2. http://academia-cravatica.hr/cravat/

• History of Western fashion