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Civitavecchia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Comune di Civitavecchia | |
|---|---|
 Municipal coat of arms |
|
| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Province | Rome |
| Mayor | Giovanni Moscherini |
| Elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Area | 71 km² (27 sq mi) |
| Population (as of December 31, 2004) | |
| - Total | 50,891 |
| - Density | 717/km² (1,857/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Civitavecchiesi |
| Dialing code | 0766 |
| Postal code | 00053 |
| Frazioni | Aurelia, La Scaglia |
| Patron | Saint Fermina |
| - Day | April 28 |
  Location of Civitavecchia in Italy |
|
| Website: www.comunecivitavecchia.it | |
Civitavecchia is a town and comune of the province of Rome in the central Italian region of Latium. A sea port on the Tyrrhenian sea, it is located 80 kilometers west-north-west of Rome, across the Mignone river. The harbor is formed by two moles and a breakwater, on which latter is a lighthouse.
Civitavecchia means "ancient town".
Contents |
The modern city was built certainly over a pre-existing Etruscan settlement.
The harbor was constructed by the Emperor Trajan at the beginning of the 2nd century. The first occurrence of the name Centum Cellae is from a letter by Pliny the Younger (AD 107). The origin of the name is disputed: it has been suggested that it could refer to the centum ("hundred") halls of the villa of the emperor.
In the high Middle Ages, Centumcellae was a Byzantine stronghold. Captured by the Saracens in 828, it was later acquired by the Papal States.
The place became a free port under Pope Innocent XII in 1696. The main port of Rome in modern era, it was occupied by the French in 1849. On April 16, 1859 the Rome and Civitavecchia Rail Road was opened for service. The Papal troops opened the gates of the fortress to the Italian general Bixio in 1870.
During World War II, Civitavecchia was severely damaged by Allied bombings, that caused a lot of victims among the civilians.
Civitavecchia is today a major cruise and ferry port, the main starting point for sea connection from central Italy to Sardinia, Sicily, Tunis and Barcelona. Fishing has a secondary importance. The city is also the seat of two thermal power stations. The conversion of one of them to carbon has raised the population's protests, as it has been suggested it could create heavy pollution.
- The massive Forte Michelangelo ("Michelangelo's fort") was first commissioned from Bramante by Pope Julius II, to defend the port of Rome, and was completed in 1535 by Giuliano Leno and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, under Paul III. The upper part of the "maschio" tower, however, was designed by Michelangelo, whose name is generally applied to the fortress. The edifice, measuring 100 x 82 m, has four towers with a diameter of 21 m. The main tower, of octagonal shape, has sides of 12 m. The walls have an impressive thickness of 6-7.6 m. The fortress was built over an ancient Roman construction, probably the barracks of the classiarii ("mariners") of the Imperial Fleet.
- The Rocca ("castle"), re-built in the late fifteenth century by Pope Sixtus V. A Palazzo Apostolico was added by Pius IV in the sixteenth century.
- The cathedral of San Francesco d'Assisi was built by the Franciscans over a pre-existing small church built from 1610. The current edifice, with Baroque-Neoclassical lines, was erected in the eighteenth century.
- North of the city at Ficoncella are the Terme Taurine baths frequented by Romans and still popular with the Civitavecchiesi. The modern name stems from the fig plants among the various pools.
- Amelia, Italy
- Bethlehem, Palestinian territories
- Ishinomaki, Japan
- Nantong, China
- Tivat, Montenegro
- Civitavecchia di Arpino exists in the province of Frosinone (Lazio).
