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Chang Apana (December 26, 1871-1933) was a Chinese-Hawaiian police officer in Honolulu, Hawaii, and the officially-acknowledged inspiration for the fictional Asian detective character, Charlie Chan, first introduced in 1925 in the mystery novel, "House without a Key".

Ah Ping Chang was born in Waipio, Oahu, Hawaii. Ah Ping Chang's family moved back to China when he was only three, but Chang returned at the age of ten to live with his uncle in Waipio. As an adult, Chang was literate in Hawaiian, and knew pidgin English and Chinese as well. In his youth, he worked as a cowboy, starting in 1891. Three years later, Chang started working for the Hawaii Humane Society, founded by Helen K. Wilder, the owner of the horses that Chang handled professionally.

In 1898, Chang joined the Honolulu Police Department. Instead of a gun, Apana carried a horsewhip, (like Indiana Jones). In his early years as a detective, beginning in 1916, Chang worked against opium-smuggling and illegal gambling. Due in part to his fluency in several languages, his wide network of informants and because of his shrewd and meticulous detective style, Chang was successful in solving many cases. Over the years, he received a number of scars to his face, fighting with criminals. He also became famous for his whip, Panama hat and cigars. He was married three times.

Contents 1 Chang's Connection with Charlie Chan 2 Items in Common Between Chang Apana and 'Charlie Chan' 3 Chang's Retirement and Death 4 External links 5 Further Resources

The writer Earl Derr Biggers, 1884-1933, was vacationing in Hawaii when he read about the exploits of 'Chang Apana' in the local newspapers (Apana is the Hawaiianized version of his Chinese name Ah Ping). Inspiration came to the writer, and the impetus for the popular mystery detective, 'Charlie Chan', had been brought to life. In 1925, the first Charlie Chan novel was published. The character quickly became popular. After five more novels, Earl Derr Biggers publicly acknowledged that Chang had been the inspiration for his character, in a letter to the 'Honolulu Advertiser', dated June 28, 1932.

• both Chang and Charlie Chan had a daughter named 'Rose'
• both were about the same age
• both Chang and Charlie Chan had lived in the 'Punchbowl' (Punchbowl Crater) area of Honolulu
• both were of Chinese descent

After 34 years of service, Apana had to retire in May 1932 as a detective when he was injured in a car accident. He briefly worked as a watchman for the Hawaiian Trust building. He died the next year (the same year as the 'Charlie Chan' author) on December 8, after a long illness. Chang Apana is buried at the Manoa Chinese cemetery in Honolulu.

• text of an article in The Honolulu Star-Bulletin: Hawaiian Life Weekend Magazine, Saturday, March 19, 1955
• another article in The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Saturday, October 2, 1999
• Photograph of Chang Apana

• Hyung-chan Kim, Editor-in-Chief, "Distinguished Asian Americans, A Biographical Dictionary", Greenwood Press (1999), pp. 18-19.