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Centaurus

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List of stars in Centaurus
Abbreviation:	Cen
Genitive:	Centauri
Symbology:	the Centaur
Right ascension:	13 h
Declination:	−50°
Area:	1060 sq. deg. (9th)
Main stars:	11
Bayer/Flamsteed stars:	65
Stars known to have planets:	8
Bright stars:	9
Nearby stars:	15
Brightest star:	Alpha Centauri (α Cen) (−0.01m)
Nearest star:	Proxima Centauri (α Cen C) (4.22 ly)
Messier objects:	0
Meteor showers:	Alpha Centaurids Omicron Centaurids Theta Centaurids
Bordering constellations:	Antlia Carina Circinus Crux Hydra Libra (corner) Lupus Musca Vela
Visible at latitudes between +30° and −90° Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of May

Centaurus (pronounced /sɛnˈtɔrəs/, Latin: centaur) is a bright constellation of the southern hemisphere. One of the largest constellations in the sky, Centaurus was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, and also counts among the 88 modern constellations.

Centaurus contains Proxima Centauri, a red dwarf that is the nearest known star to the Sun as well as Alpha Centauri, which is a binary star to which Proxima Centauri is apparently gravitationally bound to form a triple star system.

In addition to Alpha Centauri, the 4th brightest star in the sky, a second first magnitude star, β Centauri, is part of Centaurus.

Centaurus contains ω Centauri (NGC 5139), which despite of its name is the brightest globular cluster and largest of its kind in the Milky Way.

The nearby lenticular galaxy, radio source Centaurus A (NGC 5128) and Galaxy ESO 325-G004 is located in the area of Centaurus.

It was mentioned by Eudoxus (4th century BC) and Aratus (3rd century BC), Ptolemy catalogued thirty-seven stars in it.

The constellation, when including fainter stars visible to the naked eye, resembles a stick man with the back end of a horse attached. According to Ovid (Fasti v.379), the constellation is Chiron who was a wise centaur (half-man, half-horse) known as a tutor to Jason (the leader of the Argonauts), and tutor to Heracles (a demi-god).

Centaurus is sometimes associated with the constellation Sagitta, an arrow which Centaurus appears to have fired towards the constellation Aquila. As such, together with the constellation Lupus, and the fact that Centaurus is below the ecliptic, this may have formed the basis of the myth of the Erymanthian Boar, one of the Twelve Labours of Heracles.

When the sun is in the sign of Virgo, it sits directly above the constellation Centaurus. The Greeks considered that the centaur Chiron, who was accidentally poisoned and died due to Heracles, while Heracles took a detour from hunting the Erymanthian Boar, was put in the sky as a mark of pity.

The constellation Lupus is next after Centaurus in the sun's transit, and was to the Greeks an arbitrary hunted animal (Therion) — it became a wolf under the Romans. Centaurus appears to have fired an arrow, the constellation Sagitta, towards Aquila, the eagle that tortured Prometheus, thus appearing to release Prometheus from his torment. Centaurus is also under the ecliptic, and thus considered to be in the underworld.

• Centaurus, by Chris Dolan
• C.S. Constellations and Stars
• Constellations, by Richard Dibon-Smith
• Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Collins Stars and Planets Guide, HarperCollins, London. ISBN 978-0007251209.

• The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Centaurus
• Starry Night Photography: Centaurus
• Star Tales – Centaurus

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Centaurus