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Carl Wernicke
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Carl Wernicke | |
 Carl Wernicke
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| Born | 15 May 1848 Upper Silesia |
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| Died | 15 June 1905 Gräfenroda, Germany |
| Fields | physician |
| Alma mater | University of Breslau |
Carl Wernicke (born 15 May 1848 in Tarnowitz, Upper Silesia, then Prussia, now Tarnowskie Góry, Poland – died 15 June 1905 in Gräfenroda, Germany) was a German physician, anatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist. He earned his medical degree at the University of Breslau (1870). He died in Germany due to injuries suffered during a bicycle accident [1].
Shortly after Paul Broca published his findings on language deficits caused by damage to what is now referred to as Broca's area, Wernicke began pursuing his own research into the effects of brain disease on speech and language. Wernicke noticed that not all language deficits were the result of damage to Broca's area. Rather he found that damage to the left posterior, superior temporal gyrus resulted in deficits in language comprehension. This region is now referred to as Wernicke's area, and the associated syndrome is known as Wernicke's aphasia, for his discovery.
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Wernicke created an early neurological model of language, that later was revived by Norman Geschwind. The model is known as the Wernicke-Geschwind model.
- Wernicke aphasia: the eponymous term for receptive or sensory aphasia. It is the inability to understand speech, or to produce meaningful speech, caused by lesions to the posterior superior temporal gyrus.
- Wernicke encephalopathy: an acute neurological syndrome of ophthalmoparesis, ataxia, and encephalopathy brought on by thiamine deficiency. Wernicke's encephalopathy can occur combined with Korsakoff psychosis, which is a subacute dementia syndrome. It is then called the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
- Pillmann, Frank (2003), "Carl Wernicke (1848-1905).", J. Neurol. 250(11): 1390-1, 2003 Nov, doi:, PMID:14648163, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14648163>
- Block, F (2001), "[Carl Wernicke (1848-1905). Comments on the cover picture]", Der Nervenarzt 72(10): 832, 2001 Oct, PMID:11688189, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11688189>
- Krahl, A; Schifferdecker, M & Beveridge, A (1998), "Carl Wernicke and the concept of 'elementary symptom'.", History of psychiatry 9(36): 503-8, 1998 Dec, PMID:11623615, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11623615>
- Pillmann, F & Marneros, A (2001), "[Carl Wernicke: his impact past and present]", Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie 69(10): 488-94, 2001 Oct, doi:, PMID:11602926, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11602926>
- Graves, R E (1997), "The legacy of the Wernicke-Lichtheim model.", Journal of the history of the neurosciences 6(1): 3-20, 1997 Apr, PMID:11619195, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11619195>
- Mathews, P J; Obler, L K & Albert, M L (1994), "Wernicke and Alzheimer on the language disturbances of dementia and aphasia.", Brain and language 46(3): 439-62, 1994 Apr, doi:, PMID:8193911, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8193911>
- Ungvari, G S (1993), "The Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school of psychiatry.", Biol. Psychiatry 34(11): 749-52, 1993 December 1, PMID:8292677, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8292677>
- Ljungberg, L (1992), "Carl Wernicke and Sergei Korsakoff: fin de siècle innovators in neuropsychiatry.", Journal of the history of the neurosciences 1(1): 23-7, 1992 Jan, PMID:11618411, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11618411>
- Franzek, E (1990), "Influence of Carl Wernicke on Karl Leonhard's nosology.", Psychopathology 23(4-6): 277-81, 1990, PMID:2084781, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2084781>
- Ljungberg, L (1985), "[The men behind the syndrome: Carl Wernicke and Sergej Korsakov. They founded the new psychiatry at the turn of the century]", Lakartidningen 82(44): 3788-9, 1985 October 30, PMID:3906319, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3906319>
- Breathnach, C S (1981), "Biographical sketches no. 7 - Wernicke.", Irish medical journal 74(7): 183, 1981 Jul, PMID:7021463, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7021463>
- Lebrun, Y & Stevens, C (1976), "[Wernicke, Freud and the concept of paraphasia]", Folia phoniatrica 28(1): 34-9, 1976, PMID:791777, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/791777>
- Marx, O M (1970), "Nineteenth-century medical psychology. Theoretical problems in the work of Griesinger, Meynert, and Wernicke.", Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences 61(3): 355-70, 1970, PMID:4928002, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4928002>
- Stender, A (1968), "[On the research activity of Eduard Hitzig (1838-1907) and Carl Wernicke (1848-1905) in Berlin]", Deutsches medizinisches Journal 19(9): 335-9, 1968 May 5, PMID:4889456, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4889456>
- Leonhard, K (1966), "[Psychiatry on the clinical basis of Wernicke. In memory of Wernicke as a clinician on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of his death (June 15, 1905)]", Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie 18(5): 165-71, 1966 May, PMID:4862324, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4862324>