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A signature Cox Brownie

A brownie/brounie or urisk (Lowland Scots) or brùnaidh, ùruisg, or gruagach (Scottish Gaelic) is a legendary kind of creature popular in folklore around Scotland and England (especially the north). It is the Scottish counterpart of the Scandinavian tomte, the Slavic domovoi or the German Heinzelmännchen.

Customarily brownies are said to inhabit houses and aid in tasks around the house. However, they do not like to be seen and will only work at night, traditionally in exchange for small gifts or food. They take quite a delight in porridge. They usually abandon the house if their gifts are called payments, or if the owners of the house misuse them. Then they turn into Boggarts. Brownies make their homes in a unused part of the house. They were also known as the guardians of dragons.

The ùruisg had the qualities of man and spirit curiously commingled. He had a peculiar fondness for solitude at certain seasons of the year. About the end of Harvest he became more sociable, and hovered about farmyards, stables and cattle-houses. He had a particular fondness for the products of the dairy, and was a fearful intruder on milkmaids, who made regular libations of milk or cream to charm him off, or to procure his favour. He could be seen supposedly only by those who had the second sight, though instances where he made himself visible to people not so Gifted have been rumoured. He is said to have been a jolly personable being with a broad blue bonnet, flowing yellow hair, and a long walking staff.

Every manor house had its ùruisg, and in the kitchen, close by the fire was a seat, which was left unoccupied for him. The house of a proprietor on the banks of the River Tay was even at the beginning of the twentieth century believed to have been haunted by this sprite, and a particular apartment therein has been for centuries called "Seòmar Bhrùnaidh" (Brownie’s room). When irritated through neglect or disrespectful treatment he would not hesitate to become wantonly mischievous. He was notwithstanding, rather gainly and good-natured rather than formidable. Though, on the whole, a lazy, lounging hobgoblin, he would often bestir himself on behalf of those who understood his humours, and suited themselves thereto. When in this mood, he was known to perform many arduous exploits in kitchen, barn and stable, with marvellous precision and rapidity. These kind turns were done without bribe, fee or reward, for the offer of any one of these would banish him forever. Kind treatment was all he ever wished for, and it never failed to procure his favour.

In 1703, John Brand wrote in his description of Zetland that:

“Not above forty or fifty years ago, every family had a brownie, or evil spirit, so called, which served them, to which they gave a sacrifice for his service; as when they churned their milk, they took a part thereof, and sprinkled every corner of the house with it, for Brownie’s use; likewise, when they brewed, they had a stone which they called ‘Brownie’s stane’, wherein there was a little hole into which they poured some wort for a sacrifice to Brownie. They also had some stacks of corn, which they called Brownie’s Stacks, which, though they were not bound with straw ropes, or in any way fenced as other stacks used to be, yet the greatest storm of wind was not able to blow away straw off them.”

The brownies seldom discoursed with man, but they held frequent and affectionate converse with one another. They had their general assemblies too, and on those occasions they commonly selected for their rendezvous the rocky recesses of some remote torrent, whence their loud voices, mingling with the water’s roar, carried to the ears of some wondering superstition detached parts of their unearthly colloquies. In a certain district of the Scottish Highlands, "Peallaidh an Spùit" (Peallaidh of the Spout), "Stochdail a’ Chùirt", and "Brùnaidh an Easain" (Brownie of the little waterfall) were names of note at those congresses, and they still live in legends which continue to amuse old age and infancy. Every stream in Breadalbane had an ùruisg once according to Watson the Scottish place name expert, and their king was Peallaidh. (Peallaidh's name is preserved in "Obair Pheallaidh", known in English as "Aberfeldy".) It may be the case, that ùruisg was conflated with some water sprite, or that ùruisg were originally water sprites conflated with brownies.

British folklore also included a figure, Billy Blind, much like the brownie, but appearing only in ballads.

The Cleveland Browns brownie elf mascot during the team's AAFC years. The crown on top signified the team's seven AAFC and NFL championships from 1946 to 1955.

A modernized version of the Cleveland Browns's brownie elf mascot, minus the crown.

Brownies were popularized in the humoristic poems of Canadian-American artist and author Palmer Cox.

By extension, the name of Brownies was given to the junior branch of the Girl Guides (American Girl Scouts) as well as their Canadian counterparts.

The Cleveland Browns are occasionally called the Brownies by their fans and used a brownie elf as an official mascot from their beginnings in 1946 until owner Art Modell phased it out in the mid-1960s. It was revived on a limited basis by the Browns since the team returned in 1999. During the 2004 Season, The Brownie appeared on the Team's sideline ponchos and equipment trunks.

The defunct St. Louis Browns baseball team also used the brownie as a mascot.

The House Elves featured in the Harry Potter series have characteristics of brownies.

In the book "Dragon Rider", written by Cornelia Funke, brownies were depicted as cat-like, mushroom-eating creatures that live alongside dragons rather than being creatures who do house chores, aiding in house tasks, and getting treats for it. Instead they are creatures who love to eat mushrooms and have a connection to dragons rather than brownies in folklore and mythology.

In the film Willow, two brownies "helped" Willow throughout the film. Their names were Franjean and Rool. The same pair appear in the trilogy of novels set after the film's events, "Shadow Moon", "Shadow Dawn", and "Shadow Star".

In "The Divide", "Back to the Divide", and "Jinx on the Divide" by Elizabeth Kay, brownies are small elf-like creatures that practice reading crystal balls and are called "Ragamuckies."

Four brownies serve Elena the godmother in the Mercedes Lackey book The Fairy Godmother

Numerous references exist in Enid Blyton's books, where brownies are depicted as fun-loving creatures on the lookout for adventure, such as in the book "Tuppenny, Feefo and Jinks". Big-Ears, a character in Blyton's Noddy series of books, is also a brownie.

The myth of the brownie is central to Neil Gaiman's novel, American Gods. In the novel, the brownie is portrayed as a powerful Germanic spirit that protects and provides for a town, while at the same time taking young people as sacrifices.

In the science-fiction novel, The Mote in God's Eye by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle, the Watchmaker sub-species of the Moties are nicknamed "brownies" by the crew of the INSS MacArthur.

The Spiderwick series of books by Holly Black and Tony DiTerlizzi feature a brownie named Thimbletack, undergoing an often combative relationship with the new residents of the Spiderwick estate.

The world creation project Santharia includes a Brownie race. Some of them live as house-spirits, others have their own community.

• This article incorporates text from "Dwelly's [Scottish] Gaelic Dictionary" (1911) (Ùruisg) with corrections and additions

• Domovoi (Slavic)
• Household deity
  • Lares (Roman deities)
  • List of Lithuanian household gods
• Jack o' the bowl
• Legendary creature
• Tomte (Scandinavia)
• Tonttu, aka Haltija (Finland)
• Sprite (creature)
• Wirry-cow
• Heinzelmännchen
• House-elf (Harry Potter)

• Joseph Jacob's "The Cauld Lad of Hilton" a tale of laying a mischievous brownie

• Santharia A world creation project which includes brownies as a race.