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Axial skeleton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body. It is composed of five parts; the human skull, the ossicles of the inner ear, the hyoid bone of the throat, the chest, and the vertebral column. The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton together form the complete skeleton.
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Protective or flat bones house the brain spinal cord and other vital organs. The purpose of the axial skeleton (among other things) is to protect the body's most vital organs. All vertebrates have an axial skeleton. This article mainly deals with the axial skeletons of humans; however, it is important to understand the evolutionary lineage of the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton has 80 bones in it.
Skull (22)
- Cranial Bones (8)
- Parietal (2)
- Temporal (2)
- Frontal (1)
- Occipital (1)
- Ethmoid (1)
- Facial Bones (14)
- Maxilla (2)
- Zygomatic (2)
- Mandible (1)
- Nasal (2)
- Palatine (2)
- Inferior nasal concha (2)
- Lacrimal (2)
- Vomer (1)
Ossicles (6)
- Malleus (2)
- Incus (2)
- Stapes (2)
Hyoid bone (1) U-shape bone located in the neck. It anchors the tongue and is associated with swallowing.
Vertebral Column (26)
- Cervical vertebrae (7)
- Thoracic vertebrae (12)
- Lumbar vertebrae (5)
- Sacrum (1)
- Coccyx (1)
Thoracic cage (25)
- Sternum (1)
- Ribs (24)
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|---|---|
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN | vertebrae (cervical C1 C2 C7 - thoracic - lumbar) - sacrum - coccyx |
| THORAX | sternum - rib |
| cranial bones of SKULL | occipital - parietal - frontal - temporal - sphenoid - ethmoid |
| facial bones of SKULL | nasal - maxilla - lacrimal - zygomatic - palatine - inferior nasal conchae - vomer - mandible - THROAT: hyoid (greater cornu, lesser cornu, body) |
| UPPER EXTREMITY | SHOULDER GIRDLE:clavicle - scapula - ARM: humerus - ulna - radius- HAND:carpals (scaphoid - lunate bone - triquetral - pisiform - trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate) - metacarpals - phalanges (prox - int - dist) |
| LOWER EXTREMITY | PELVIS:pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis) - LEG: femur - patella - fibula - tibia - FOOT: tarsals (calcaneus - talus - navicular - cuneiform - cuboid ) - metatarsals - phalanges (prox - int - dist) |
| MIDDLE EAR OSSICLES | malleus - incus - stapes |