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Lower Valley of the Awash^a
UNESCO World Heritage Site

State Party	Ethiopia
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iii, iv
Identification	#10
Regionb	Africa
Inscription History
Formal Inscription:	1980 4th Session
a Name as officially inscribed on the WH List b As classified officially by UNESCO

The Awash (sometimes spelled Hawash) is a major river of Ethiopia. Its headwaters is south of Mount Warqe, to the west of Addis Ababa, from whence the Awash flows to the south and around Addis Ababa in an easterly then northeasterly direction, joined on its left bank by its chief affluent, the Germama (or Kasam), and passing the Awash National Park before entering the Danakil depression, and eventually emptying in Lake Abbe (or Abhe Bad) on the border with Djibouti, some 100 kilometers (60 or 70 miles) from the head of the Gulf of Tadjoura.

According to the Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia for 1967/68, the Awash River is 1200 kilometers long. The author of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica article describes its middle portion as "a copious stream nearly 200 feet [60 meters] wide and 4 feet [1.2 meters] deep in the dry season, and during the floods rising 50 or 60 feet [15 to 20 meters] above low-water mark, thus inundating the plains for many miles along both its banks."

Other tributaries of the Awash include (in order upstream): the Logiya, Mille, Berkanna, Ataye, Hawadi, Kabenna and Durkham Rivers.

Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 Notes 4 Further reading

Humans have lived in the valle of the Awash since the beginning of the species. The Middle Awash has been where numerous pre-human hominid remains have been found.

The valley of the Awash from about 9° N downstream is the traditional home of the Afar people. The valley of the Awash have been included as part of the territories of the historic provinces or kingdoms of Dawaro, Fatagar, Ifat, and Shewa.^[1] Except for Shewa, these provinces disappeared with the arrival of groups of the Oromo in the 16th century.

The first European to trace the course of the Awash to its end in the Aussa oasis was Wilfred Thesiger in 1933/1934, who started at the city of Awash, followed the river's course to its final end in Lake Abhebad, and continued his expedition west to Tadjoura.

In 1960, the Koka Dam was completed across the Awash River at a point about 75 kilometers from Addis Ababa, and with its opening became a major source of hydroelectric power in the area. The resulting freshwater lake, Lake Gelila (also known as the Koka Reservoir), has an area of about 180 square kilometers. Both lake and dam are threatened by increasing sedimentation.

The Awash International Bank is named for the Awash River.

• List of Ethiopian rivers
• List of fossil sites (with link directory)
• List of hominina (hominid) fossils (with images)

1. ^ Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopian Borderlands (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 61

• Zewdu Tememew Molla, "Dam Safety Evaluation on Koka Dam, Ethiopia". M.Sc. thesis, 2005. abstract

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.