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Atella was an ancient city of Campania, halfway between Naples and Capua; its ruins lie between the towns of Orta di Atella and Sant'Arpino. Atella is not mentioned until the Second Punic War, when, although an independent city striking its own coinage, it was allied with Capua and the other Campanian cities in siding with Carthage after the battle of Cannae. It was occupied by Rome in 210 BC, the survivors exiled and the city refounded as a home for the refugees from Nuceria. In the first century BC, Cicero speaks highly of it and appears to have been its patron; it continued into imperial times as a municipium, famed for its traditional scenic performances known as Atellanae.

The Christian bishopric seated at Atella had its origins in 438 or 439 when Canion and eleven associates from North Africa were either expelled by Gaiseric, the Arian king of the Vandals or fled: ex Africa pulsi vel propria sponte exulantes, in Italian advecti. As 'Saint Canio he took his place among the saints and martyrs of Capua and of Campania in a mosaic iconography in the Basilica of Saint Prisco in Capua, where his image is identified with his name. His feast is recorded in the martyrologies as 25 May.

The city had been laid waste by the eighth century to such an extent that bishop Leo of Acerenza in Lucania translated the saint's relics to Acerenza, where he would be made the patron saint. The bishopric was transferred to the nearby Norman fortress-city of Aversa in 1030.

The ruins of the city walls, private houses, and many tombs remain, on sites in the comuni of Frattaminore, Orta di Atella, Sant'Arpino and Succivo (these last three together made the comune of Atella di Napoli in the mid‑1900s). According to some studies, ^{[attribution needed]} the comuni of Caivano, Cardito, Cesa, Frattamaggiore, Grumo Nevano and Sant'Antimo also include territory once belonging to Atella.

Atella is also the name of a small town founded in 1320 in the Basilicata region of southern Italy (population 4000).