Aspartate transaminase

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Aspartate aminotransferase

Aspartate aminotransferase. Aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli bound with cofactor pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PDB 1AAM)
Genetic data
Gene code: [1] ID#: GI:41011
Protein Structure/Function
Structure: [2]1AAM

Aspartate transaminase (AST) also called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT/AAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) is similar to alanine transaminase (ALT) in that it is another enzyme associated with liver parenchymal cells.

Contents

It facilitates the conversion of aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and glutamate.

Two isoenzymes are present in humans. They have high similarity.

It is raised in acute liver damage. It is also present in red blood cells and cardiac muscle.

AST was defined as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in 1954. However the use of AST for such a diagnosis is now redundant and has been superseded by the cardiac troponins.[1]

AST/ALT is commonly measured clinically as a part of a diagnostic liver function test, to determine liver health.

  1. ^ Gaze DC (2007). "The role of existing and novel cardiac biomarkers for cardioprotection". Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 8 (9): 711-717. PMID 17729182. 

ALT

  • Kuramitsu S, Okuno S, Ogawa T, Ogawa H, Kagamiyama H (1985). "Aspartate aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the aspC gene". J. Biochem. 97 (4): 1259-62. PMID 3897210. 
  • Kondo K, Wakabayashi S, Yagi T, Kagamiyama H (1984). "The complete amino acid sequence of aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli: sequence comparison with pig isoenzymes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122 (1): 62-7. PMID 6378205. 
  • Inoue K, Kuramitsu S, Okamoto A, Hirotsu K, Higuchi T, Kagamiyama H (1991). "Site-directed mutagenesis of Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase: role of Tyr70 in the catalytic processes". Biochemistry 30 (31): 7796-801. PMID 1868057. 

v • d • e
Transferase: transaminases (EC 2.6)
Aspartate transaminase - Alanine transaminase - GABA transaminase - Tyrosine aminotransferase - Ornithine aminotransferase - Branched chain aminotransferase
v • d • e
Mitochondrial enzymes and transporters
Outer membrane Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase - Kynureninase - Monoamine oxidase
Intermembrane space Adenylate kinase - Creatine kinase
Inner membrane Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase -Cytochrome c - Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase -Glutamate aspartate transporter - Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - NADH dehydrogenase - Succinate dehydrogenase
Matrix Aconitase - Aspartate transaminase - ALDH2 - Carbamoyl phosphate synthase - Citrate synthase - Fumarase - Glutamate dehydrogenase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Malate dehydrogenase - Ornithine transcarbamoylase - Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase
Mitochondrial DNA Complex I (7 units) - Complex III (1 unit) - Complex IV (3 units) - ATP synthase (2 units)
v • d • e
Metabolism: Citric acid cycle enzymes
Cycle Citrate synthase - Aconitase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase - Succinate - coenzyme Q reductase (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) - Fumarase - Malate dehydrogenase
Anaplerotic Pyruvate carboxylase - Aspartate transaminase - Glutamate dehydrogenase - Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
v • d • e
Amino acid metabolism enzymes
phenylalanine→tyrosine→fumarate→TCA Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine aminotransferase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
tyrosine→dopamine→epinephrine Tyrosine hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Dopamine beta hydroxylase - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
leucine→HMG-CoA (keto) Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase - Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase
isoleucine/valine→propionyl-CoA Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
methionine→cysteine→propionyl-CoA Methionine adenosyltransferase - Adenosylhomocysteinase - (or MTR) - Cystathionine beta synthase - Cystathionine gamma-lyase
propionyl-CoA→succinyl-CoA→TCA Propionyl-CoA carboxylase - Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
serine→glycine Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
histidine to histamine: Histidine decarboxylase - to glutamate: Histidine ammonia-lyase - Urocanate hydratase - Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase
tryptophan→serotonin→melatonin Tryptophan hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
asparagine→aspartate→oxaloacetate→TCA Asparaginase/Asparagine synthetase - Aspartate transaminase
glutamate Glutaminase - Glutamate decarboxylase
lysine→keto Saccharopine dehydrogenase
other Tyrosinase
 This transferase article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_transaminase"
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