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Asaita is a town in northeastern Ethiopia, and before 2007 was the capital of the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Afambo woreda, part of the Region's Administrative Zone 1, this town has a latitude and longitude of 11°34′N, 41°26′E and an elevation of 300 meters.

Asaita was the seat of the Aussa Sultanate, the chief Afar monarchy, but is 50 kilometers south by unpaved road from Awash - Asseb highway. A telephone line from Kombolcha to Asaita was in operation in 1967.^[1] The town of Semera, a planned settlement situated squarely on this highway, at some point before 2007 became the new Regional capital.

To the southeast of Asaita, located at the southern edge of the Danakil Desert, are a group of twenty salt lakes which cover the territory to the border with neighboring Djibouti. These lakes include Lake Gamarri, known for its flamingos, and Lake Abbe, the final destination of the Awash River.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 22,718, of whom 12,722 were males and were 9,996 females.^[2] According to the 1994 national census, this town had a population of 15,475.

In late June 1971 a fight during the market between the Afar and highland people left 16 workers dead and 34 wounded. Of more than 1,000 small farmers who had moved from the highlands to Awsa there were only 250-300 still living in Asaita after the violence.^[3]

In March 1975 the Derg nationalized all rural lands, including those of Ras Bitwoded Ali Mirah Hanfadhe, Sultan of the Afar. When they offered to fly him to Addis Ababa to negotiate the transfer of his lands, he refused the offer. That June, the Derg dispatched a battalion of troops to capture the sultan. Although the Ottaways note their sources agree that the ensuing two-day battle was a "massacre", they differ in the details:

The sultan claimed that the army killed as many as 1,000 Afar in the attack and alleged that airplanes and armoured cars had been used. The government said that the massacre was carried out by the sultan's forces which incited the Afar to turn against non-Afar highland plantation workers at Dit Bahari, killing 221 persons. Probably the death toll lay somewhere between the two figures and the victims included both Afar and highlanders.^[4]

1. ^ "Local History in Ethiopia" (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 21 November 2007)
2. ^ CSA 2005 National Statistics, Table B.3
3. ^ "Local History in Ethiopia"
4. ^ Marina and David Ottaway, Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution (New York: Africana, 1978), pp. 95f