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The Army of the Shenandoah was an army of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. General Kenton Harper organized about two thousand volunteers at Harpers Ferry by April 21, 1861. Stonewall Jackson took control of the army on April 28. On May 24, leadership then passed to Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. Numbers had reached 10,654 by the end of June. By then the army consisted of four brigades and cavalry.

P.G.T. Beauregard, commanding the Confederate Army of the Potomac at Manassas, Virginia, requested assistance from Richmond, Virginia (the Confederate capital) to deal with a large advancing Union army, the first invasion of the Confederacy during the Civil War. Union General Robert Patterson had been ordered to prevent Johnston's assistance of Beauregard. He fought several small skirmishes and battles with the Army of the Shenandoah including a fight with Jackson's brigade at the Battle of Hoke's Run. Beginning July 18, Johnston successfully avoided interference from Patterson and moved his troops by railroad to Manassas. The troops arrived in time to support Beauregard in the First Battle of Manassas on July 21. Manassas was the only major action of the Army of the Shenandoah. Soon after the battle, the army was joined with Beauregard's Army of the Potomac under the command of Johnston. Later the combined Army of the Potomac was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia, which was led by Johnston until his wounding at the Battle of Seven Pines after which Robert E. Lee took command.

Army of the Shenandoah: General Joseph E. Johnston

• First Brigade: Brigadier General Thomas J. Jackson (W)
  • 2nd Virginia - Colonel J.W. Allen
  • 4th Virginia - Colonel J.F. Preston
  • 5th Virginia - Colonel K. Harper
  • 27th Virginia - Lieutenant Colonel J. Echols
  • 33rd Virginia (8 Cos.) - Colonel A.C. Cummings
  • Rockbridge Artillery - Captain J. P. Brockenbrough
• Second Brigade: Colonel Francis Bartow (K)
  • 7th Georgia - Colonel L.J. Gartrell (W)
  • 8th Georgia - Lieutenant Colonel W.M. Gardner (W)
  • Wise Artillery - Lieutenant J. Pelham
• Third Brigade: Brigadier General Barnard E. Bee (K)
  • 4th Alabama - Colonel E. Jones (K), Colonel S.R. Gist
  • 2nd Mississippi - Colonel W.C. Falkner
  • 11th Mississippi - (Cos. A&F) - Lieutenant Colonel P.F. Liddell
  • 6th North Carolina - Colonel C.F. Fisher (K)
  • Staunton Artillery - Captain J. Imboden
• Fourth Brigade: Brigadier General Edmund Kirby Smith (W), Colonel Arnold Elzey
  • 1st Maryland Battalion - Lieutenant Colonel G.H. Steuart
  • 3rd Tennessee - Colonel J.C. Vaughn
  • 10th Virginia - Colonel S.B. Gibbons
  • Culpeper Artillery - Lieutenant R. F. Beckham
• Not Brigaded:
  • 1st Virginia Cavalry - Colonel J.E.B. Stuart
  • Thomas Artillery - Captain P.B. Stanard

• CivilWarHome.com - Army of the Shenandoah
• Manassas Battlefield History
• NPS - Army of the Shenandoah Order of Battle Source text for Order of Battle in this article (text is public domain since NPS is US federal government)