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Armenian hypothesis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Armenian hypothesis of the Proto-Indo-European Urheimat, based on the Glottalic theory assumes that the Proto-Indo-European language was spoken during the 3rd millennium BC in the Armenian Highland. It is an Indo-Hittite model and does not include the Anatolian languages in its scenario. Graeco-Armeno-Aryan would date to after 3000 BC and constitute a language group contemporary to, and in language contact with, the Anatolian language family adjacent to the west. The phonological peculiarities proposed in the Glottalic theory would be best preserved in the Armenian language and the Germanic languages, the former assuming the role of the dialect which remained in situ, implied to be particularly archaic in spite of its late attestation. Proto-Greek would be practically equivalent to Mycenean Greek and date to the seventeenth century BC, closely associating Greek migration to Greece with the Indo-Aryan migration to India at about the same time (viz. Indo-European expansion at the transition to the Late Bronze Age, including the possibility of Indo-European Kassites). The hypothesis has little or no support in Indo-European studies which usually assumes a higher age of PIE by at least one millennium. Like the Glottalic theory itself, the hypothesis enjoyed some popularity during the 1980s and has fallen from scholarly favour since.
The Armenian hypothesis argues for the latest possible date of Proto-Indo-European (sans Anatolian), a full millennium later than the Kurgan hypothesis. In this, it figures as an opposite to the Anatolian hypothesis, in spite of the geographical proximity of the respective Urheimaten suggested, diverging from the timeframe suggested there by full three millennia.
The hypothesis was also embraced by T. V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov supporting the conviction that Armenians were the original inhabitants of much of historic Armenia.[1] Thus, Kavoukjian (English 1987) identifies various mentions known from cuneiform and ancient records with the Armenians.
- ^ A. E. Redgate, The Armenians (2000).
- Indo-Hittite
- Graeco-Armenian
- Graeco-Aryan
- Kurgan hypothesis
- Anatolian hypothesis
- Out of India theory
- T. V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov, The Early History of Indo-European Languages, Scientific American, March 1990
- I.M. Diakonoff, The Prehistory of the Armenian People (1984).
- Robert Drews, The Coming of the Greeks (1988), argues for late Greek arrival in the framework of the Armenian hypothesis.
- Martiros Kavoukjian, Armenia, Subartu, and Sumer : the Indo-European homeland and ancient Mesopotamia, trans. N. Ouzounian, Montreal (1987), ISBN 0921885008.
- Rafael Ishkhanyan, "Illustrated History of Armenia," Yerevan, 1989