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Andrew Marvell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Andrew Marvell (March 31, 1621 – August 16, 1678) was an English metaphysical poet, and the son of an Anglican clergyman (also named Andrew Marvell). As a metaphysical poet, he is associated with John Donne and George Herbert. He was the first assistant of John Milton.
Marvell was born in Winestead-in-Holderness, East Yorkshire, near the city of Kingston upon Hull. Marvell grew up in the city, where a secondary school is now named after him.
After attending Trinity College, Cambridge, Marvell went on the Grand Tour; while England was embroiled in a civil war from 1642 to 1647, Marvell was on the continent. After returning, he worked as tutor to the daughter of Thomas Fairfax, who had recently given command of the Parliamentary army to Oliver Cromwell. In 1657, Marvell joined Milton, who by that time had lost his sight, in the post of Latin secretary to Cromwell's Council of State. In 1659 he was elected to Parliament from his hometown of Hull in Yorkshire; in 1660 the monarchy was restored. His political maneuvering must have been skillful, because he not only avoided all punishment for his cooperation with republicanism but helped convince the government of Charles II not to execute John Milton for his antimonarchical writings and revolutionary activities. (Marvell also contributed an eloquent prefatory poem to the second edition of Paradise Lost.)
From 1659 until his death, Marvell was a conscientious member of Parliament, answering letters from his constituents and going on two diplomatic missions, one to Holland and the other to Russia. He also wrote prose satires (anonymously, of course) criticizing the monarchy and Catholicism, defending Puritan dissenters, and denouncing censorship. Vincent Palmieri noted that he is sometimes known as the "British Aristides" for his incorruptible integrity in life and poverty at death.
A recent study by Derek Hirst and Steven Zwicker of Washington University in St. Louis, has suggested that Marvell's lifelong struggle for individual rights may have been a result of his own inner struggle with homosexuality in a repressive society.
Famous poems include To His Coy Mistress (to which T. S. Eliot refers in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Waste Land), The Garden, An Horatian Ode, and the Country House Poem, "Upon Appleton House".
