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Andrew Zachary Fire
Born	April 27, 1959 (1959-04-27) (age 48) Palo Alto, California
Residence	United States
Nationality	United States
Field	Biologist
Institutions	Johns Hopkins University Stanford University
Alma mater	University of California, Berkeley Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Known for	RNA interference
Notable prizes	Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (2006)

Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959) is an American biologist and Professor of genetics at Stanford University. He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). This research was conducted at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and published in 1998. Fire is currently professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine, which he joined in 2003.

Andrew Fire was born in Palo Alto, California and raised in Sunnyvale, California. ^[1] After graduating from Fremont High School, he attended the University of California, Berkeley where he received his B.A. in mathematics in 1978 at the age of 19. He then proceeded to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received a PhD in biology in 1983 under the mentorship of Nobel laureate Phillip Sharp.

Fire then moved to Cambridge, England, to become a Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Fellow. He became a member of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology group headed by Nobel laureate Sydney Brenner.

From 1986 to 2003, Fire was a staff member of the Carnegie Institution of Washington’s Department of Embryology in Baltimore. The initial work on double stranded RNA as a trigger of gene silencing was published while Fire and his group were at the Carnegie Labs. ^[2]

Fire became an adjunct professor in the Department of Biology at Johns Hopkins University starting in 1989 and joined the Stanford faculty in 2003. Throughout his career, all of the major work in Fire’s lab has been supported by research grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

He is a member of the two prestigious learned societies: National Academy of Sciences and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He also serves on the Board of Scientific Counselors and the National Center for Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health.

See also: RNAi

In 2006, Mello and Fire received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work that began in 1998, when Mello and Fire along with their colleagues (SiQun Xu, Mary Montgomery, Stephen Kostas, Sam Driver) published a paper ^[3] in the journal Nature detailing how tiny snippets of RNA fool the cell into destroying the gene's messenger RNA (mRNA) before it can produce a protein - effectively shutting specific genes down.

The Nobel citation, issued by Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said: "This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of genetic information."

Mello and Fire's research, conducted at the Carnegie Institution, had shown that in fact RNA plays a key role in gene regulation. The BBC noted

(By chronological year of award ^[5])

• Co-recipient (with Craig Mello) of National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology in 2003
• Co-recipient (with Craig Mello, Thomas Tuschl and David Baulcombe) of the Wiley Prize in the Biomedical Sciences from Rockefeller University in 2003
• Elected member National Academy of Sciences in 2004
• Co-recipient (with Victor Ambros, Craig Mello, and Gary Ruvkun) of Brandeis University's Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Medical Research in 2005
• Co-recipient (with Craig Mello) of the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2005
• Co-recipient (with Craig Mello and David Baulcombe) of Massry Prize in 2005
• Co-recipient (with Craig Mello) of the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 2006
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006

• Nobel Prize information
• Nobel announcement from Stanford University
• Nobel announcement from the University of Massachusetts
• US Patent 6506559 Genetic inhibition by double-stranded RNA (patent)
• Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans, in Nature, via University of Massachusetts