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Alupas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Official languages | Kannada |
| Capitals | Early : Mangalore Later: Udupi, Barkur |
| Government | Monarchy |
| Succeeding state | Vijayanagar empire |
The Alupas kings (Kannada: ಆಲೂಪರು)(450 - 1400 C.E.) were a minor dynasty who ruled parts of coastal Karnataka as feudatory of all the major kingdoms of Karnataka starting with the Kadambas until the reign of the Vijayanagar empire. Their influence over coastal Karnataka lasted for about 1000 years.
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The early origins prior to the Kadambas are unclear. The first clear mention of them comes from the Halmidi inscription of 450 where their possible early ruler Pashupathi of Alapagana is mentioned. Their royal emblem was the double fish and they claimed to belong to the Pandyavamsha and Soma Kula (lunar).[1]
The history of clan emerges from obscurity during the rise of Badami Chalukya in the Aihole and Mahakuta inscriptions which claims the Alupas had succembed to the Chalukya invasion and become their feudatory.[1] They ruled initially from Mangalore and other times from Udyavara in Udupi and later Barkur. Their first regular full length inscription is the Vaddarase inscription dated early 7th century in Kannada. They maintained marital relations with their overlords over the centuries.[2] All their inscriptions are in Kannada and Sanskrit. The earliest known copper plate inscription in Kannada language is attributed to Aluvarasa II , called the Belamannu plates and is dated early 8th century, according to Dr. Gururaj Bhat.[2]
- Aluvarasa I (early 7th. century), father-in-law of Pulakesi II
- Gunasagara (660 - 663)
- Chitravahana (663 - 730), brother-in-law of Chalukya Vijyaditya
- Aluvarasa II, incurred the wrath of the Chalukyas
- Chitravahana II
- Ranasagara
- Pritvisagara
- Marama
- Vimaladitya
- Alva Rananjaya
- Dattalupa
- Kundavarma
- Jayasimha
- Bankideva
- Pattiyodeya
- Pandya Pattiyodeya (1080 - 1110)
- Kavi Alupendra
- Kulashekara (1160 - 1220)
- Kundana (1220 - 1230)
- Vallabhadeva Duttalupa
- Virapandya (1250 - 1275)
- Queen Ballamahadevi & Nagadevarasa (1275 - 1285)
- Bankideva II
- Soyideva
- Kulashekara (1335 - 1346), Son of Hoysala Veera Ballala III and Alupa princess Krishnayitayi
- Bankideva III
- Kulashekara III (1355 - 1390)
- Virapandya II
The Alupas built some fine temples in their area of rule. The Panchalingeshwara temple at Barkur, Brahmalingeshwara temple at Brahamavar, Koteshwara temple at Kotinatha and the Sadashiva temple at Suratkal are attributed to them. They used sculptural styles from their various overlords over the centuries.[2]
The Alupas as a feudatory of the Western Chalukyas in coastal Karnataka issued coins with Kannada and Nagari inscriptions on them. Coins with Kannada legends seem to have minted in Mangalore and those with Nagari legend at the Udupi mint. Kannada was their language of administration. The Pagodas and Fanams were the common coinage of all the Alupa kings. The obverse of the coins carried the royal emblem "Two Fishes" and the reverse had the legend "Sri Pandya Dhanamjaya" either in Nagari or old (Hale) Kannada.[2]
- Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath , A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)