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Alfred Wiener (16 March 1885, Potsdam – 4 February 1964, London) was a German Jew, who dedicated much of his life to documenting anti-semitism and racism in Germany and Europe, and uncovering crimes of Germany's Nazi government. He is best known as founder and long-time director of the Wiener Library.

Wiener trained as an Arabist and spent the years 1909 – 1911 in the Middle East. He fought in the First World War, winning the Iron Cross 2nd Class. From 1919 he was a high-ranking official in the Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens (Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith, CV), and identified the Nazi Party as the chief danger to the Jews of Germany and to German society as a whole as early as 1925.

In 1928 he was instrumental in creating the Büro Wilhelmstrasse of the CV, which documented Nazi activities and issued anti-Nazi materials until 1933 when Hitler came to power. Wiener and his family fled to Amsterdam where he, together with Dr David Cohen of Amsterdam University, founded the Jewish Central Information Office (JCIO). In 1939 he and the collection transferred to London.

Wiener spent most of the war years in the USA, collecting materials for the JCIO and working for the British and American governments. He returned in 1945 to transform the Information Office into a library and centre for the scholarly study of the Nazi era.

Wiener's first wife, Margarethe, died shortly after being released from Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on the way to Switzerland in 1945. In 1953 he got married a second time, to Mrs Lotte Philips. From the mid-1950s Wiener was semi-retired and traveled frequently to Germany to speak to groups of young people and establish contact with Christian groups. Having become a naturalized Briton in the late 1940s, in 1955 he was awarded the highest civilian decoration of the German government, the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Grosses Verdienstkreuz des Verdienstordens).

Ben Barkow: Alfred Wiener and the making of the Holocaust Library. London: Vallentine Mitchell 1997. ISBN 0-85303-328-5