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Abkhaz alphabet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Abkhaz Alphabet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type: | Alphabet | |
| Languages: | Abkhaz | |
| Created by | Peter von Uslar, Aleksej Chochua | |
| Time period: | 1865 - present | |
| Parent writing systems: | Phoenician alphabet Greek alphabet Glagolitic alphabet Cyrillic alphabet Abkhaz Alphabet |
|
| ISO 15924 code: | - | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key. | ||
The Abkhaz alphabet is an alphabet for the Abkhaz language which consists of 62 letters.
The first specialized Abkhaz alphabet was created in 1862 by the Russian general Peter von Uslar. It had 37 characters and was based on the Cyrillic script. In 1909, it was expanded to 55 characters by Aleksey Chochua.
Abkhaz did not become a written language until the 19th century. Hitherto, Abkhazians, especially princes, had been using the Georgian language and alphabet for issuing official documents. In 1926, during the korenizatsiya policy in the Soviet Union, this alphabet was replaced by a new, Latin-based alphabet devised by Nikolay Marr. It featured 77-characters and was called the "Abkhaz analytical alphabet". In 1928, it was replaced by another Latin-based alphabet. From 1938 to 1954 the Abkhaz language was written in the Georgian alphabet. Since 1954, the Abkhaz language has been written in a Cyrillic-based script, extended to adjust to its extensive consonantal inventory. The Abkhaz word for alphabet is анбан (anban), which was borrowed from Georgian ანბანი (anbani).
| Letter | Transliteration | IPA Value |
|---|---|---|
| Аа | a | /a/ |
| Бб | b | /b/ |
| Вв | v | /v/ |
| Гг | g | /ɡ/ |
| Гьгь | g' | /ɡʲ/ |
| Гәгә | g° | /ɡʷ/ |
| Ҕҕ | ġ | /ʁ/ |
| Ҕьҕь | ġ' | /ʁʲ/ |
| Ҕәҕә | ġ° | /ʁʷ/ |
| Дд | d | /d/ |
| Дәдә | d° | /d͡b/ |
| Ее | e | /e/ |
| Жж | ž | /ʒ/ |
| Жьжь | ž' | /ʑ/ |
| Жәжә | ž° | /ʒʷ/ |
| Зз | z | /z/ |
| Ӡӡ | ʒ | /ʣ/ |
| Ӡәӡә | ʒ° | /ʣʷ/ |
| Ии | i | /j, i/ |
| Кк | k | /kʼ/ |
| Кькь | k' | /kʼʲ/ |
| Кәкә | k° | /kʼʷ/ |
| Ққ | k̢ | /kʰ/ |
| Қьқь | k̢' | /kʰʲ/ |
| Қәқә | k̢° | /kʰʷ/ |
| Ҟҟ | k̄ | /qʼ/ |
| Ҟьҟь | k̄' | /qʼʲ/ |
| Ҟәҟә | k̄° | /qʼʷ/ |
| Лл | l | /l/ |
| Мм | m | /m/ |
| Нн | n | /n/ |
| Оо | o | /o/ |
| Пп | p | /pʼ/ |
| Ҧҧ | ṗ | /pʰ/ |
| Рр | r | /r/ |
| Сс | s | /s/ |
| Тт | t | /tʼ/ |
| Тәтә | t° | /t͡pʼ/ |
| Ҭҭ | t̢ | /tʰ/ |
| Ҭәҭә | t̢° | /t͡pʰ/ |
| Уу | u | /w, u/ |
| Фф | f | /f/ |
| Хх | x | /χ/ |
| Хьхь | x' | /χʲ/ |
| Хәхә | x° | /χʷ/ |
| Ҳҳ | x̢ | /ħ/ |
| Ҳәҳә | x̢° | /ħʷ/ |
| Цц | c | /ʦʰ/ |
| Цәцә | c° | /ʦʰʷ/ |
| Ҵҵ | c̄ | /ʦʼ/ |
| Ҵәҵә | c̄° | /ʦʼʷ/ |
| Чч | č | /ʨʰ/ |
| Ҷҷ | č̢ | /ʨʼ/ |
| Ҽҽ | c̍ | /ʧʰ/ |
| Ҿҿ | c̨̍ | /ʧʼ/ |
| Шш | š | /ʃ/ |
| Шьшь | š' | /ɕ/ |
| Шәшә | š° | /ʃʷ/ |
| Ыы | y | /ə/ |
| Ҩҩ | o̩ | /ɥ, y/ |
| Џџ | ǰ | /ʤ/ |
| Џьџь | ǰ' | /ʥ/ |